Exposed a total of 56 Naval enlisted males to laboratory conditions of isolation and confinement for 21 days. Variables included group size (dyads vs. triads), compatible vs. incompatible groups, crowding vs. less crowding (as measured by cu. ft/man), and junior vs. senior leadership. Ss then completed the Subjective Stress Scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Analysis indicates that Ss reported (a) higher subjective stress and state anxiety during isolation than during pre- and postisolation base-line periods, (b) greater hostility in junior-led and in incompatible groups, (c) a greater effect of crowding on subjective stress and state anxiety in triads, (d) greater hostility in less crowded rooms, (e) greater annoyance with physical aspects of the situation in compatible groups and in dyads, (f) greater anxiety in dyads, and (g) better adaptation to confinement in triads and in less crowded rooms. Results reflect the highly interactive nature of the relationships between the subjective reactions of individuals in groups and both social and physical aspects of the group setting. (29 ref.)
This document presents the results of a survey of nondestructive testing (NOT) and related sensor technology research and development (R&D) at selected federal laboratories. The study was conducted by Energetics~ Inc. for the Pacific Northwest laboratory (PNL) under contract with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). T 1e objective of the study was to identify and characterize NOT activities that could be applied to improving energy efficiency and overall productivity in U.S. manufacturing. Numerous federally supported R&D programs werP identified n areas such as acoustic emissions, eddy currents, radiography, computer tomography and ultrasonics. A Preliminary Findings Report was sent to industry representatives, which generated considerable interest. Surveys of federally supported R&D should be continued, with the broadest possible coverage and periodic updates.
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