In this article, the effect of reservoir length on seismic performance of gravity dams to near-and far-fault ground motions is investigated. For this purpose, four finite element models of dam-reservoir-foundation interaction system are prepared by using the Lagrangian approach. In these models, the reservoir length varies from H to 4H (H: the height of dam). The Folsom gravity dam is selected as a numerical application. Two different ground motion records of 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake are used in the analyses. One of ground motions is recorded in near fault; the other is recorded in far fault. Also, the two records have the same peak ground acceleration. The study mainly consists of three parts to assess the effects of reservoir length on the seismic performance of the concrete gravity dam. In the first part, the linear time-history analyses of the four finite element models prepared for the Folsom gravity dam are performed. In the second part, the seismic performance of the dam is evaluated according to demand-capacity ratio and cumulative inelastic duration. Finally, the nonlinear time-history analyses of the finite element models of the dam are carried out by using Drucker-Prager yield criteria for dam concrete. It is seen from the analyses results that the seismic behavior of the concrete gravity dams is considerably affected from the length of the reservoir. The reservoir length of 3H is adequate for concrete gravity dams. The selection of ground motion is on of the important parts of seismic evaluation of gravity dams. Also, the frequency characteristics of the ground motion having the same peak ground acceleration affect the seismic performance of the dam. The near-fault ground motions are generally creates more stress on the dam body than far-fault ground motions. The used performance approach provides a systematic methodology for assessment of the seismic performance and necessity of nonlinear analyses for dam systems.
In the last 30 years, about twenty earthquakes, which were greater than magnitude M=6.0, occurred in different parts of Turkey especially close to fault lines. These earthquakes caused many buildings to be destroyed or heavily damaged, and the loss of many people's lives. The painful lessons learned after the earthquakes resulted to the revision or change of the current earthquake codes used in Turkey for this period. Considering the fault characteristics in Turkey, it is expected to be major earthquakes in the coming years. Lessons learned from the past earthquakes will be very important in reducing the damages that will occur in future earthquakes. When looking into the building stock in Turkey, it is observed that a large part of the housing stock consisting of reinforced concrete (RC) and masonry structures. This paper aims to outline the performance of masonry and RC buildings during the six major catastrophic earthquakes occurred between 1992 and 2020 in various regions of Turkey. Also, a short summary is given about the development of the earthquake codes used in Turkey between 1940 and 2018. The selected six hazardous earthquakes that occurred on the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) and East Anatolian Fault (EAF) are
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