In our case, the solid body is the raw material of plant origin-lupine, crushed into grits, and the extractant is the cheese whey. The turbulent situation in the apparatus was created by the imposition of low-frequency mechanical vibrations, which have a significant impact on the characteristics of hydro-mechanical, mass transfer and thermal processes. This feature must be taken into account in the calculation of the extraction apparatus. The basic assumptions for the solution of the problem are formulated. The equation of motion of a single particle, which is contained in a number of works (Sow, an introduction, Chen, Protodyakonov, etc.). It is true in the instant values of the parameters. A simpler equation describing the motion of the dispersed particle and time correlation tensors with their subsequent decomposition into the Fourier integral are written. Further, taking into account the definition of tensors, the dependences for the calculation of the intensity of the chaotic motion of continuous and dispersed phases are shown, and the final expression is obtained, showing the ratio of the intensities of the phases. The coefficient of turbulent diffusion of each phase is proportional to the intensity of the chaotic motion of the corresponding phase. Therefore, the written finite equation for the phase ratio allows to estimate the ratio of the turbulent diffusion coefficients of the liquid and dispersed phases in the extraction apparatus. In our case, the ratio of the density of Hg / Hg is 1.1. Since the density of lupine and cheese whey differ quantitatively, we should expect some increase in the relative velocity of the phases, which will increase the rate of mass transfer. The intensities of the phases chaotic motion will not be the same, as well as the coefficients of turbulent diffusion. Thus, the case of motion of a single particle in a turbulent flow is complex and can be solved only under sufficiently serious assumptions formulated below.
It is noted that the model is designed to create the largest possible pressure change in the cheese whey in the extractor, since the rate of transfer of the target components is proportional to the pressure difference at the ends of the capillaries. The mathematical description of impregnation as the main or important auxiliary operation is given in detail. The equations for the impregnated part of the capillary, the ratio of impregnation rates at different times are given. From the above dependencies, the equation Washburne regarding the time of impregnation. The formulas for calculating the volume of extractant passed through the capillary, serum and forced out of the capillary air taking into account the viscous resistance of the latter. After integration of the equation of the speed of capillary impregnation of the obtained expression allows to estimate the final value of the impregnation in the initial stage. For different cases of capillary impregnation expressions are written at atmospheric pressure, vacuuming and overpressure. The introduction of dimensionless values allowed to simplify the solution and to obtain an expression for calculating the time of pore impregnation. The analysis of the equation of dimensionless impregnation time taking into account the application of low-frequency mechanical vibrations is made. It is noted that the processes of impregnation and extraction occur simultaneously, so the impregnation time is often neglected, which impoverishes the understanding of the physics of the process, reduces the accuracy of the calculation. Taking into account the diffusion unsteadiness of the process of substance transfer due to hydrodynamic unsteadiness, the equation containing the effective diffusion coefficient is written. The equation of unsteady diffusion for a spherical lupine particle in a batch extractor is supplemented with initial and boundary conditions. Taking into account the balance equation, the kinetic equation of the process is obtained. We studied the distribution of pores in the particle lupine along the radii and squares, the calculated value of the porosity of the particle. The values of De and Bi are determined by the method of graphical solution of the balance equation, the equation of kinetics and the parameters included in these equations. Conclusions on the work.
Despite the huge amount of work devoted to the study of photostimulated processes (PSP) in crystals with a mixed type of communication, the problem of the development and improvement of information and measurement methods for monitoring the physical parameters of objects of several nanometers and the development of evaluation criteria for the use of such methods today remains relevant. From a practical point of view, relevant is the problem of developing information-measuring methods on the basis of kinetic models of the processes that allows us to offer algorithms for the application of new methods to control the processes of nucleation and modification of centers involving ions or metal atoms in crystals with a mixed type of communication, how it relates to a broad class of semiconductors. The problem of control of parameters of technological processes at early stages of new phase origin on the surface of condensed media is described. The possibility of applying the photostimulated luminescence flash (PSLF) method for luminescent crystals with ion-covalent bond is analyzed. The basic formulas allowing to estimate change of concentration of the metal particles adsorbed on a surface are resulted. The dependences of the photostimulated luminescence flash parameters on the concentration of processing solutions, which leads to the formation of clusters of varying degrees of dispersion, are considered. The model of description of process of formation of clusters from adsorbed atoms of metal is resulted. The estimation of the parameters of the centers of localization of non equilibrium charge carriers showed that within the framework of the proposed model it becomes possible to estimate the size of unstable adsorbed metal clusters. For the sample CDs: Ag, the size of such clusters was 5-7 atoms. It is proposed to use the correlation and regression model to describe the parameters of FSVL as a tool for assessing the applicability of the photostimulated luminescence flash method for monitoring surface processes on ion-covalent crystals of AgCl, ZnS, CDs. The best value of the criterion of applicability of the model FSWL was obtained for the crystal of AgCl (R2?1). For the crystals CDs the proposed method of control of technological processes must be developed according to the measurement parameters FSVL.
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