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Enrichment ratios (ER) are widely used to predict loss of sorbed nutrients or pesticides with runoff sediment, while ER is frequently neglected in studies which quantify past erosion from global fallout 137Cs losses. The ER of 137Cs (ER‐ 137Cs) in the soil loss and the subsequent depletion of 137Cs at the soil surface were determined for eight small watersheds (1.6–16.8 ha) with different soils and land use. Due to preferential loss of the clay fraction, the upper 5 mm of the soil surface was significantly depleted of 137Cs after a heavy storm. A total of 31 watershed‐events were investigated with soil losses ranging between 1.2 and 480 kg‐ha−1 and sediment concentrations between 1.98 and 54.1 gṁL−1 The correspondent ER‐137Cs (mean: 1.72, range: 0.40–4.95) was positively correlated to the ER of clay, organic carbon, total nitrogen and calcium‐acetate‐lactate‐extractable phosphorus (PCAL). A close correlation between ER‐137Cs and ER‐PCAL was also found for sediment samples of detention ponds, where most of the ER values were less than 1.0 due to depletion. Therefore, ER‐PCAL seems to be a suitable estimate of ER‐137Cs for both, erosion and deposition processes. Our findings strongly support the need for considering ER‐137Cs, when ,37Cs data are used to assess rates and pattern of soil redistribution. Otherwise, soil loss will be overestimated in a range of about factor 2 in many cases.

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