Objective: In colorectal carcinomas, tumor budding has been defined as the presence of isolated single tumor cells or small cell clusters in the stroma at the invasive tumor margin. In this study, the relationship between tumor budding density at the invasive tumor margin and pathological parameters is investigated. Material and Method:Haematoxylin and eosin stained slides of 73 cases with colorectal carcinoma were retrospectively evaluated for the presence and intensity of tumor budding by 2 observers. After the specimens were assessed, the highest density of tumor budding area was counted in a microscopic field of x200. Cases were separated into 2 groups according to tumor budding density as low grade (<10) and high grade (≥10). The relationship of these groups with depth of tumor invasion, histological grade, vascular invasion and lymph node involvement was investigated. Results:Of the 73 colorectal carcinoma cases, 33 (45.2%) had low and 40 (54.8%) had high grade tumor budding density, respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between high grade tumor budding density and histological grade (p=0.042), lymph node involvement (p=0.0001) and vascular invasion (p=0.0034). Conclusion:High grade tumor budding density is associated with aggressive phenotypical features in colorectal carcinoma.Key Words: Colorectal neoplasms, Neoplasm invasion, Lymph node, Metastasis ÖZ Amaç: Kolorektal karsinomlarda tümör tomurcuklanması, invaziv tümör komşuluğundaki stromada bulunan izole tümör hücreleri ya da küçük tümöral hücre kümeleri olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kolorektal karsinomlarda invaziv tümör komşuluğundaki stromada bulunan tümör tomurcuklanması yoğunluğunun patolojik özelliklerle ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem:Retrospektif olarak, kolorektal karsinomlu 73 olguya ait hematoksilen-eozin boyalı preparatlar tümör tomurcuklanması varlığı ve yoğunluğunun tespit edilmesi amacıyla 2 gözlemci tarafından değerlendirilmiştir. Preparatlar tekrar değerlendirildikten sonra tümör tomurcuklanmaları, en yoğun oldukları alan tespit edilerek x200 büyütme alanında sayılmıştır. Olgular, tümör tomurcuklanması yoğunluğu 10' dan az olanlar düşük dereceli, 10 ve üzeri olanlar yüksek dereceli olmak üzere 2 gruba ayrılmıştır. Bu grupların tümörün invazyon derinliği, histolojik derecesi, lenf nodu tutulumu ve vasküler invazyon gibi patolojik özelliklerle ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Kolorektal karsinomlu 73 olgunun 33'ünde (%45,2) düşük, 40'ında (%54,8) yüksek dereceli tümör tomurcuklanması yoğunluğu tespit edilmiştir. Yüksek dereceli tümör tomurcuklanması yoğunluğu ile histolojik derece (p=0.042), lenf nodu tutulumu (p=0,0001) ve vasküler invazyon (p=0,0034) arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki saptanmıştır.Sonuç: Yüksek dereceli tümör tomurcuklanması yoğunluğu kolorektal karsinomlarda agresif fenotipik özelliklerle ilişkilidir.
Skin cancers and thyroid and colorectal cancers are common in our region. Skin cancers are the most common cancers in both genders.
Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common neoplasm of the salivary glands and is most commonly located in the parotis followed by the submandibular glands. its localization in the minor salivary glands is mostly reported in the palate. Few publications report pleomorphic adenoma cases located in the lip.We present a 35-year-old male patient with a pleomorphic adenoma located in the upper lip.
Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common neoplasm of the salivary glands and is most commonly located in the parotis followed by the submandibular glands. its localization in the minor salivary glands is mostly reported in the palate. Few publications report pleomorphic adenoma cases located in the lip. We present a 35-year-old male patient with a pleomorphic adenoma located in the upper lip.
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