Purpose:The aim of the study was to determine the effects of brand innovation on consumer hope, customer satisfaction, repurchase intention, and the moderator role of brand image on these effects. Design/methodology/approach: This study is a quantitative research. In the study, data were collected and analysed with quantitative methods. The expressions used in the preparation of the questions were obtained from the scales in the literature. The brands used in the research were the brands most mentioned by the participants as a result of the pre-test. The questionnaire was collected online, and 390 valid questionnaires were reached. In the research, the moderator role of brand image on consumer hope, brand innovativeness and repurchase intention was revealed through analyses and contributed to the literature. At the same time, since there are not many studies on the brand image, consumer hope, brand innovation and repurchase intention of Azerbaijani consumers, is thought that this research will shed light on the studies on the subject. Findings: In this study 7 hypotheses were developed and tested. As a result of the research, it was found that brand innovativeness affects consumer hope, consumer hope affects customer satisfaction and repurchase intention, and customer satisfaction affects repurchase intention. Practical implications: The conditions prepared based on the literature on the moderator effect of brand image on the brand innovativeness, consumer hope, customer satisfaction and repurchase intentions, that contributed to the other important contributions of the research were supported as a result of the analysis. Originality/value: There are not many studies in the literature on the moderator role of brand image on brand innovativeness, consumer hope, customer satisfaction and repurchase intention. As a result of the analysis made in this study, it has been revealed that the brand image has a moderator role on these variables. With this, there are many studies conducted in different countries, but there is no any study on consumers on the topic in Azerbaijan.
The significance of business simulation games (BSG) rapidly increases. And this quite understandable. Because simulation games are based on the model playback mode realistic processes, events, locations or situations. The necessity of BSG in the educational process can be explained on the one hand by the growing demand of the labor market in specialists with practical skills, and on the other hand by growing needs of students to be able to navigate themselves through unfamiliar situations and find their decision in a proper and responsible way, instead of blind copying teachers instructions. BSG offers a broad scope of the forms of competencies students such as an ability to work in group teamwork, find a common language and understand that is globally relevant and informed while providing space to adapt the framework to local contexts. Business simulation games train students create risk-free spaces where everyone can work out specific skills and feel the effects of own decision-making, requiring a certain level of risk. Entrepreneurial activity is pivotal to the continued dynamism of the private sector, as the generation of new businesses fosters competition and economic growth. This is particularly relevant for Azerbaijan, whose entrepreneurship and business innovation levels are low, and it faces a central challenge to create conditions that will facilitate growth in nonoil tradable sectors. Therefore the proposed paper has three objectives: development of teaching resources and tools for delivery of entrepreneurship education. BSG will facilitate strategic problem-solving in life-like simulated business environments and it will be attached to the existing UNEC incubator. BSG should become an integral part of the educational process. Simulation games allow students to practice and improve their entrepreneurial skills in a ‘virtual’ environment by making informed decisions and applying the knowledge and skills acquired in the class. According to OECD LEARNING COMPASS 2030, the educational process should be focused on evolving learning framework that sets out an aspirational vision for the future of education. The wider goals of education open new horizons of orientation towards the tomorrow we want to see. Thinking globally acting locally we will create collective well-being for every society’s member.
The aim of this study is to cluster the most widely used public debt management tools peculiar to the EECCA (Eastern Europe, Caucasus, and Central Asia) markets. Overall, the results show that the volume of EECCA countries’ public debt relative to GDP declined from 2000 to 2015. However, as their public debt enhanced after 2016 and until 2020, inclusive, the need to choose proper tools for its management intensified. The main cause of public debt in most EECCA countries is the state budget deficit (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan). The second place was taken by the balance of payments deficit (Armenia, Belarus). The only unique country was Azerbaijan, since it is likely to use public debt to finance economic and infrastructure development projects. No less interesting is that not all EECCA member states generate internal public debt. Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, and Uzbekistan have external public debt exclusively due to the lack of free resources that can be attracted from within the economy. In general, the investigation revealed that the main tool for managing internal public debt in EECCA countries is public bonds issued in national and foreign currencies. As for external public debt management, the top position is taken by external public bonds and international loans. The study has only two limitations: methodological and implementation. Other macroeconomic indicators of economic development were not considered, even though they may change the assessment of the effectiveness of the selected tools of public debt management. Meanwhile, the results can only be applied to those countries whose financial market is already formed and who have access to international financial markets. Otherwise, the tools of public debt management are limited.
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