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This study focuses on the analysis of the effect of meteorological disasters on film plastic greenhouses by typhoons, heavy snow, strong wind, and heavy rain. The data of meteorological disasters from 1998 to 2015 were analyzed on provincial basis to calculate the damage rate depending on the weather cause. The cumulative damage area is 20 279 hm 2 . The damage rates of typhoons, heavy snow, strong wind, and heavy rain are 46.4%, 47.4%, 2.5%, and 3.8%, respectively. The damage index of the greenhouse, which is the ratio of the greenhouse area to the cumulative damage area, was proposed to estimate the disaster risk for 17 administrative districts. The damage index data and the cumulative damage areas were divided using the Jenks' Natural Breaks method. The average damage index is 0.66, and the damage indices are high in the metropolitan cities.
Staphylococcus aureus, the species most commonly associated with staphylococcal food poisoning, is one of the most prevalent causes of foodborne disease in Korea and other parts of the world, with much damage inflicted to the health of individuals and economic losses estimated at $120 million. To reduce food poisoning outbreaks by implementing prevention methods, rapid detection of S. aureus in foods is essential. Various types of detection methods for S. aureus are available. Although each method has advantages and disadvantages, high levels of sensitivity and specificity are key aspects of a robust detection method. Here, we describe a novel real-time isothermal target and probe amplification (iTPA) method that allows the rapid and simultaneous amplification of target DNA (the S. aureus nuc gene) and a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based signal probe under isothermal conditions at 61 °C or detection of S. aureus in real time. The assay was able to specifically detect all 91 S. aureus strains tested without nonspecific detection of 51 non-S. aureus strains. The real-time iTPA assay detected S. aureus at an initial level of 10(1) CFU in overnight cultures of preenriched food samples (kiwi dressing, soybean milk, and custard cream). The advantage of this detection system is that it does not require a thermal cycler, reducing the cost of the real-time PCR and its footprint. Combined with a miniaturized fluorescence detector, this system can be developed into a simplified quantitative hand-held real-time device, which is often required. The iTPA assay was highly reliable and therefore may be used as a rapid and sensitive means of identifying S. aureus in foods.
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