An isolated rupture of the posterior capsule that is caused by a blunt ocular trauma has been rarely reported and is usually detected incidentally during surgery for a complicated cataract. We found an isolated posterior capsule rupture on the third day after trauma in a 25-year-old man who was admitted for the treatment of traumatic hyphema and we performed a phacoemusification and anterior vitrectomy with PC-IOL, implantation because of the traumatic cataract which had progressed after the injury. The PC-IOL was implanted safely into the capsular bag without severe enlargement of the posterior capsular rupture. The break seems to function as a capsulotomy which provides a clear visual axis. We report this case with a review of the literatures.
BackgroundPneumocystis jirovecii, formerly named Pneumocystis carinii, is one of the most common opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients.Case presentationsWe encountered two cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum with subcutaneous emphysema in HIV-infected patients being treated for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.ConclusionClinicians should be aware that cystic lesions and bronchiectasis can develop in spite of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole treatment for P. jirovecii pneumonia. The newly formed bronchiectasis and cyst formation that were noted in follow up high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) but were not visible on HRCT at admission could be risk factors for the development of pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum with subcutaneous emphysema in HIV-patients.
Here, we report the information about molecular and expression characterization of NR1 gene in chum salmon for the first time. The complete NR1 subunit showed a large open-reading frame of 2844 bp in the total length of 3193 bp, and this cDNA contained a coding region encoding 948 amino acids and a stop codon. The organization of the NR1 subunit of chum salmon were similar of most other fishes, except C’ terminal. The expression of NR1 subunit was to show higher in the natal river near to the hatchery than near to the coast. We expect that the information reported herein may facilitate further investigations on the relationship between memory factors of natal rivers and homing mechanisms in Salmonidae.
ObjectivesThe present study was attempted to investigate the effects of pentobarbital-Na, one of the barbiturates which are known to depress excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system at concentrations similar to those required for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia, on catecholamines (CA) secretion evoked by cholinergic stimulation and membrane-depolarization from the isolated perfused rat adrenal gland, and to clarify the mechanism of its action.MethodsMature male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with thiopenal-Na(40mg/kg, s.c.). The adrenal gland was isolated by the methods of Wakade. A cannula used for perfusion of the adrenal gland was inserted into the distal end of the renal vein. The adrenal gland was carefully removed from the animal and placed on a platform of a leucite chamber.ResultsThe perfusion of pentobarbital-Na(30–300uM) into an adrenal vein for 20 min produced relatively dose-dependent inhibition in CA secretion evoked by ACh(5.32mM) DMPP(100uM for 1 min), McN-A-343(200uM for 2 min), Bay-K-8644(10uM) and high potassium(56mM), while it did not affect the CA secretion of cyclopiazonic acid(10uM). Also, in the presence of thiopental-Na (100uM), CA secretory responses evoked by ACh, DMPP, McN-A-343 and high K+ were markedly depressed. Moreover, in adrenal glands preloaded with ketamine(100uM for 20 min), which is known to be a dissociative anesthetic, CA secretion evoked by ACh, DMPP, McN-A-343 and high K+ were significantly attenuated.ConclusionTaken together, these experimental results suggest that pentobarbital-Na depresses CA release evoked by both cholinergic stimulation and membrane-depolarization from the isolated rat adrenal medulla and that this inhibitory activity may be due to the result of the direct inhibiton of Ca++ influx into the chromaffin cells without any effect on the calcium mobilization from the intracellular store.
Sediment pollutants have been considered an important source for the eutrophication of estuarine reservoir. In this study, the effects of pollutants released from bottom sediment to water column were investigated. Sediment samples were collected each two station from Namyang and Sukmoon estuarine reservoirs in August 2013. The fractionation result of sediment phosphorus indicated that Adsorbed-P (36.7±8.84 %) and Nonapatite-P (29.3±12.50 %) are the two dominant phosphorus groups in the sediments. For sediment release test, eight sets of acrylic chamber (0.3 m diameter×1 m high, with 0.15 m sediment depth) were used with aerobic and anaerobic environment. Under anaerobic conditions, rates of NH4-N release from the sediments were highly variable, with final concentrations of NH4-N in the overlying water varying from between about 0.69~1.04 in Namyang and 2.58~4.23 mg/L in Sukmoon reservoir. The NH4-N release was active at the upstream around the confluence of tributary compared to downstream near the embankment. The PO4-P release was more obvious than NH4-N in anaerobic condition. The final PO4-P concentrations were approximately from two-fold to eight-fold higher than initial concentration. In terms of reservoir water quality management, not only tributary pollutants but also sediment nutrient loading is necessary to consider the water quality contribution.
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