Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a technique used to modulate neuronal excitability through non-invasive brain stimulation that can enhance exercise performance. We hypothesize that tDCS would improve submaximal running time to exhaustion (TTE) and delay the increase in the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) over time. We also hypothesize that tDCS would not lead to difference in cardiorespiratory responses. We employed a randomized, single-blinded, and counterbalanced design in which 10 trained men participated. After receiving either 20 min of 1.98 mA anodal tDCS applied over the primary motor cortex (M1) or sham-operated control on separate days, participants completed a constant-load test involving running at a speed equivalent to 80% of their own maximum oxygen consumption (VO 2 max). During this constant-load test, RPE, heart rate (HR), VO 2 , pulmonary ventilation (VE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and ventilatory threshold (VT) were continuously monitored. TTE was recorded at the end of the test. TTEs were significantly longer in the tDCS than in the sham conditions (21.18 ± 7.13 min; 18.44 ± 6.32 min; p = 0.011). For TTE, no significant differences were found in RPE between conditions at isotime. In addition, no significant differences in HR, VO 2 , VE, RER, and VT were found during TTE between the two stimulation conditions at any time point. These results indicate that the application of tDCS does not induce a change of the exercise performance-related index; however, it can affect the increase of the exercise duration due to the stimuli in the M1 area.
Managing the video content for searching and summarizing has become a challenging task. Extracting semantics from video scenes enables information to be presented in a more understandable manner. Finding the semantics between video contexts is a difficult task; much recent research has focused on this issue. Most videos, such as TV serials and commercial movies, are character-centric. Therefore, the context and relationship between characters needs to be organized systematically to analyze the video. So, it is necessary to identifY the contextual relationships between characters in the scene and the video. We propose Character-Net, a network structure. It finds characters in a group of shots, extracts the speaker and listeners in the scene, represents it with characterbased graphs and draws the relationship between all characters by accumulating the character-based graphs at video. In this paper, we describe how to build Character-Net. Experimental results show Character-Net is an effective methodology to extract the major characters in videos.978-0-7695-3801-3/09 $26.00 AbstractManaging the video content for searching and summarizing has become a challenging task. Extracting semantics from video scenes enables information to be presented in a more understandable manner. Finding the semantics between video contexts is a difficult task; much recent research has focused on this issue. Most videos, such as TV serials and commercial movies, are character-centric. Therefore, the context and relationship between characters needs to be organized systematically to analyze the video. So, it is necessary to identifY the contextual relationships between characters in the scene and the video. We propose Character-Net, a network structure. It finds characters in a group of shots, extracts the speaker and listeners in the scene, represents it with characterbased graphs and draws the relationship between all characters by accumulating the character-based graphs at video. In this paper, we describe how to build Character-Net. Experimental results show Character-Net is an effective methodology to extract the major characters in videos.978-0-7695-3801-3/09 $26.00
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of warm-up intensity on energetic contribution and performance during a 100-m sprint. Ten young male sprinters performed 100-m sprints following both a high-intensity warm-up (HIW) and a low-intensity warm-up (LIW). Both the HIW and LIW were included in common baseline warm-ups and interventional warm-ups (eight 60-m runs, HIW; 60 to 95%, LIW; 40% alone). Blood lactate concentration [La−], time trial, and oxygen uptake (VO2) were measured. The different energy system contribution was calculated by using physiological variables. [La-]Max following HIW was significantly higher than in LIW (11.86 ± 2.52 vs. 9.24 ± 1.61 mmol·L−1; p < 0.01, respectively). The 100-m sprint time trial was not significantly different between HIW and LIW (11.83 ± 0.57 vs. 12.10 ± 0.63 s; p > 0.05, respectively). The relative (%) phosphagen system contribution was higher in the HIW compared to the LIW (70 vs. 61%; p < 0.01, respectively). These results indicate that an HIW increases phosphagen and glycolytic system contributions as compared to an LIW for the 100-m sprint. Furthermore, an HIW prior to short-term intense exercise has no effect on a 100-m sprint time trial; however, it tends to improve times (decreased 100-m time trial; −0.27 s in HIW vs. LIW).
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