Nematicidal activity of extracts from plants was assayed against Meloidogyne incognita. In laboratory assays extracts from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L), clove (Syzygium aromaticum L), betelvine (Piper betle L), and sweet flag (Acorus calamus L) were most effective in killing the nematode, with an EC 50 that was 5-10 times lower than the EC 50 of the synthetic pesticides chlorpyrifos, carbosulfan and deltamethrin. The shapes of the dead nematodes differed in a characteristic way, and groups of pesticides and plant extracts could clearly be distinguished based on this phenomenon, which may be an indicator for the modes of action of the tested pesticides. In a greenhouse bioassay clove bud and betelvine were tested as mulch. Experiments revealed that the total number of live nematodes on roots of pepper plants treated with mulch of the clove bud was 7% of that of the controls and did not differ significantly from that of plants treated with the recommended synthetic pesticide carbofuran. The application of clove buds as a botanical pesticide for future use against nematodes is highly promising since clove is the 6 th major plant grown on Bangka Island, and the market value of clove has decreased sharply over the last years.
Penyakit puru akar yang disebabkan oleh nematoda dan busuk rimpang karena infeksi berbagai patogen banyak dijumpai pada rimpang jahe. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh beberapa perlakuan benih terhadap penekanan kerusakan rimpang yang disebabkan oleh penyakit tersebut. Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 7 perlakuan rimpang, masing-masing diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Perlakuan rimpang jahe sebelum tanam terdiri atas perendaman dalam pestisida 1.5% (campuran streptomisin sulfat dan benomil), bubur Bordo (1% dan 2%), rizobakteri 10% (Bacillus pantotkenticus dan Trichoderma lactae) selama 24 jam; serta pelapisan dengan tepung karbosulfan ST (500 g untuk 4 kg rimpang) dan formula talk Fusarium non-patogenik (NP) (500 g untuk 4 kg rimpang). Rimpang jahe yang sudah diberi perlakuan ditanam pada medium tanam steril yang terdiri atas campuran tanah dan bubur Bordo 1% dan diamati sampai tanaman berumur 5 bulan. Perendaman rimpang dalam larutan pestisida dan formula rizobakteri, serta pelapisan rimpang dengan tepung karbosulfan ST dan formula Fusarium NP dapat menekan puru nematoda Meloidogyne dan busuk rimpang, serta umumnya menghasilkan viabilitas benih dan bobot segar dan atau bobot kering rimpang yang lebih baik. Kecuali bubur Bordo, empat perlakuan benih tersebut dapat dikembangkan untuk usaha penyediaan benih rimpang jahe sehat bermutu.
Root-knot nematode is a potential obstacle to sustainable cultivation for the medicinal java tea plant (Orthosiphon aristatus). Some botanical/bio-pesticide formula (citronella oil and bio-silica nanoemulsion, neem oil, and endophytic bacterial Pseudomonas fluorescens and Burkholderia cepacia) were evaluated their effectiveness in root-knot nematode control. The botanical/bio-pesticides were drenched on nematode inoculated-seedling plant (var. Orsina 3 Agribun) roots in polybags, twice with 14 days interval. The experiments were randomized block design with two factors, with six treatments for the main plot and two factors as the co-plot. The treatments were replicated six times with ten plants in each replication. Three months after treatment, from the root-knot nematode population, plant growth, and leaves dry weight analysis, were indicated that all formula tested effectively suppressed the root-knot nematode population in the root, except endophytic bacterial formula. However, the synergistic nematicidal effect of the endophytic bacteria formula (1.5%) against root-knot nematode was provided by the root incorporation of bamboo charcoal compost as much as 89.68%. Citronella-oil (1%) and bio-silica (2%) nanoemulsion, and neem oil formulas (1%) effectively suppressed nematode populations (99.33% and 97.65%, and 99.66%, respectively), increasing the sinensetin content/production in comparison with control; and could be evaluated further in the plantation in the field.
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