Purpose of study was to see effect of type and concentration of filler in manufacture of shallot powder. Filler types were cassava starch 10, 30 and 50% and maltodextrin 1, 5, 10% . The most preferable product is cassava starch 10% and maltodextrin 1%, and the highest yield is at cassava starch 50% and maltodextrin 10%. At ash content, fat content, protein content, crude fiber content and vitamin C content, the best is on the addition of cassava starch 10% and maltodextrin1%. The addition of cassava starch 10% and 5% is the best on crude fiber content and antioxidant activity.
To characterise the physiology of development and senescence for Grevillea 'Sylvia' floral organs, respiration, ethylene production and ACC concentrations in harvested flowers and flower parts were measured. The respiration rate of harvested inflorescences decreased over time during senescence. In contrast, both ethylene production and ACC concentration increased. Individual flowers, either detached from cut inflorescences held in vases at 20°C or detached from in planta inflorescences at various stages of development, had similar patterns of change in ACC concentration and rates of respiration and ethylene production as whole inflorescences. The correlation between ACC concentration and ethylene production by individual flowers detached from cut inflorescences held in vases was poor (r 2 = 0.03). The isolated complete gynoecium (inclusive of the pedicel) produced increasing amounts of ethylene during development. Further sub-division of flower parts and measurement of their ethylene production at various stages of development revealed that the distal part of the gynoecium (inclusive of the stigma) had the highest rate of ethylene production. In turn, anthers had higher rates of ethylene production and also higher ACC concentrations than the proximal part of the gynoecium (inclusive of the ovary). Rates of ethylene production and ACC concentrations for tepal abscission zone tissue and adjacent central tepal zone tissue were similar. ACC concentration in pollen was similar to that in senescing perianth tissue. Overall, respiration, ethylene and ACC content measurements suggest that senescence of G. 'Sylvia' is non-climacteric in character. Nonetheless, the phytohormone ethylene is produced and evidently mediates normal flower development and non-climacteric senescence processes.
The longevity of Grevillea ‘Sylvia’ inflorescences can be very short and is influenced by exposure to ethylene. Gibberellic acid has the potential to delay senescence in some cut flowers by acting as an anti-ethylene treatment. Gibberellic acid was therefore applied to Grevillea ‘Sylvia’ inflorescences in vase solutions to determine its effects on longevity. Treatments with gibberellic acid did not prolong the longevity of inflorescences or influence 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid concentrations. Treatments at high gibberellic acid concentrations enhanced flower abscission and we therefore conclude that vase-applied gibberellic acid treatments are not suitable for extending the longevity of cut Grevillea ‘Sylvia’ inflorescences.
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