A 76-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for unresponsiveness and hypotension. She had developed constipation that had led to ileus and had received 34 g of magnesium citrate (Magcolol P ® ) orally the day before. She was lethargic, her blood pressure was less than 50 mmHg, and electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed sinus arrest with junctional escape rhythm. Her serum concentration of magnesium (Mg) was markedly elevated (16.6 mg/dl =13.7 mEq/l). Emergency colonoscopy revealed ischemic colitis. As her condition ameliorated, her renal function returned to normal. Hence, the present case suggests that severe hypermagnesemia can occur in the absence of pre-existing renal dysfunction in elderly patients with gastrointestinal diseases.
We investigated the correlation between disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) score and hemostatic parameters and sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score with clinical outcome of patients with DIC in an intensive care unit (ICU). The SOFA score was markedly elevated in patients with DIC relative to patients without DIC and significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors. Abnormalities in almost all hemostatic parameters were significant in patients with DIC, but there was no significant difference in almost all hemostatic parameters between survivors and non-survivors. However, plasma antithrombin (AT) levels were significantly lower in non-survivors than in survivors. Soluble fibrin (SF) and tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA)-plasminogen activator inhibitor-I (PAI-I) complex correlated significantly with the SOFA score, whereas AT levels correlated significantly and negatively with the SOFA score. We conclude that the SOFA score is useful for predicting outcome in DIC patients in the ICU, and that hemostatic parameters, especially plasma AT levels, are also useful markers for organ failure and clinical outcome. Am.
Stoichiometric mullite powder (3A1203*2Si02) prepared by spray pyrolysis and sintered at 1650°C attained 95% of theoretical density. The flexural strength was 360 MPa at room temperature and decreased slightly at 1400°C. A fairly high KI,. value (2.8 M N /m.'") was obtained. These mechanical properties can be attributed to the highly homogeneous stoichiometric composition of the raw powder. ULLITE (3A120 ,-2SiOZ) is a promising Mrefractoryl for high-temperature structural ceramics applications because of its low thermal expansion' and high creep resistancc.' Although several experiments havc been conducted to synthesize raw CONI'IUHUTING Euiroii--J. A . PASK 0 2 0 0 400 GO0 8 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 'rcmperaturc ( O C ) Fig. I . 650°C.DTA curvc for powdcr spraycd at mullite powdcr4.' and to prepare dense sintered bodies, the rcsulting ceramics have exprcssed fairly low mechanical strength6" compared with nonoxide ceramics such as silicon nitride and silicon carbide. In the present study, an attempt to synthesize stoichionietric mullite powder by means of a spray pyrolysis method',' has been conducted, and sintercd ceramics thereof have been prepared. The original solution was prepared by dissolving aluminum nitrate and ethyl sili-950 ' C a s Spray I I I I I I I 1 0 2 0 3 0 40 5 0 6 0 70 2 0 ( C u Ka ) Fig. 3, sprayed powder. Transmission electron micrograph of as-Fig. 2. quenched from temperatures indicatcd. X-ray diffraction patterns for powders ~ 3 0 0 4 0 0 5 0 0 LOO 7 0 0 Pyrolysis Temperature ( OC )cate into water-methanol (1 : 1 in volume) mixed solvent. Concentration of the source solution was 0.2 mol/L with regard to mullite composition. The source solution was sprayed with compressed air from a water-cooled borosilicate glass* nozzle into a preheated quartz reaction tube at a tempe~ature between 350" to 650°C. The prepared oxide powder was collected using a test-tube-shaped glass fiber filter. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the as-sprayed powder was amorphous. A single sharp exothermic peak was observed at ~9 7 0°C in the DTA curve for the as-sprayed powder (Fig. 1). The XRD patterns of the powder, quenched at various temperatures, are shown in Fig. 2. These results suggest that a direct transformation from the amorphous to the crystalline mullite phase occurs. This behavior is in contrast to amorphous mullite powders prepared by other methods such as sol-get or hydrolysis, where two distinct exothermic peaks, indicating the crystallization of an Si-A1 spinel phase and its transformation to mullite, have been observed.As-sprayed powder was composed of spherical hollow particles with a large specific surface area (Fig. 3). As shown in Fig. 4, the surface area of the as-sprayed powder increased with increasing spraying temperature (from 5 m'/g at 350°C to 17 m2/g at 450°C) and showed a gradual decrease to -15 m'/g at 650°C. When calcined at 1000°C for 1 h, the specific surface area of the powder was <5 m2/g.Since the calcined powder was still porous and was therefore difficult to sinter to a highly dense cer...
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