Entering the PPF inferior to the horizontal plane of the SPF along a vertical line drawn inferiorly from the infraorbital canal will avoid injury to the major neural structures in the fossa. Because of the inconsistent course and location of the internal maxillary artery, this structure may be at risk no matter where the fossa is entered. These landmarks will allow the surgeon to enter the PPF with more accuracy and less patient morbidity.
Three-dimensional CT is a useful adjunct to the conventional triplanar studies for the evaluation of frontal sinus and recess anatomy. This technique can define certain anatomic variants more effectively than 2D multiplanar reconstructed images.
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