ObjectivesSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is by far the most common malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity. A number of etiologic factors have been implicated in its development. During the past few decades, a particular focus has been placed on the investigation of valid biomarkers predictive of cancer behavior and cervical lymph node metastasis in head and neck Squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).The present study was designed to investigate the expression of epidermal growth factor in these tumors in relation to proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.Materials and methodsImmunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in 40 retrospective OSCC specimens and its correlation with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), antiapoptotic antibody (P53), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and D2-40 monoclonal antibodies (Mab), in relation to the clinicopathological parameters.ResultsData revealed positive EGFR immunoreactivity in 35(87.5%) cases. There was a statistically significant correlation regarding EGFR extent score with respect to intratumoral lymphatic vessel density (ILVD) (r = 0.35) as well as EGFR intensity score with respect to ILVD and peritumoral lymphatic vessel density (PLVD) (r = 0.33, r = 0.36 respectively). EGFR expression was not correlated with the clinicopathological parameters. Conclusions: EGFR is expressed by most of the cases. EGFR correlation with D2- 40 positive lymphatic vessels suggests a higher tendency of OSCC for lymphatic dissemination. Lack of correlation among the studied markers suggests their independent effect on tumor behavior.

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most frequent type of oral malignancy that exhibits certain histological variations and is associated with a high mortality rate .Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is considered to be an uncommon exophytic distinctive low-grade well differentiated pathological variant of OSCC. Several studies have shown that the microenvironment or stroma of neoplastic tissues plays an active role in tumor progression. Concurrent with the conversion of non-diseased epithelial tissue to pre-cancerous epithelium to carcinoma, the stroma also changes from normal to primed (activated or tumor associated). Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the distribution of myofibroblasts in normal oral mucosa, oral epithelial dysplasia, verrucous carcinoma, and different histological grades of OSCC. Materials and methods: Twenty four formalin -fixed, paraffin -embedded tissue blocks (10 cases oral squamous cell carcinoma, 8 cases oral epithelial dysplasia and 6 cases verrucous carcinoma) were included in this study. An immunohistochemical analysis was performed using anti alpha -smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) monoclonal antibody. Results: All cases of OSCC, intraoral dysplasia and verruous carcinoma, and normal oral mucosa showed positive reaction of actin in the stromal smooth muscles surrounding blood and lymphatic vessels. All OSCCs demonstrated stromal immunostaining for a-SMA with different scores indicating the presence of myofibroblast. There were no myofibroblasts in the stroma of normal mucosa, epithelial dysplasia or verrucuos carcinoma samples indicated by negative a-SMA expression in them. Conclusion:The lack of myofibroblasts in normal, dysplastic oral epithelium and VC and their appearance in OSCC, suggests that the genetically altered epithelium (carcinomatous epithelium), besides the invasive behaviour of OSCC may have an inductive effect on the adjacent stroma to produce myofibroblasts.

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Background: The salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is a benign epithelial neoplasm, histologically characterized by a great diversity of morphological aspects. It is the most common neoplasm of salivary gland origin. Objective: Studying the histopathological characteristics of PA with special attention to the various morphological features of the epithelial cells and stromal components of this neoplasm. Methods: Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained tissue sections of 120 cases of PA were reviewed. The tumors were classified according to their histological subtypes as described by Seifert et al. The epithelial components were analyzed considering the type of cells and the morphological pattern. The stromal components were analyzed according to the presence of myxoid, hyaline, chondroid or calcified tissue. Results: This study revealed that most of the tumors were located in the parotid gland (44%). Myxoid or stroma-rich was the most frequent histological subtype (43%). Plasmacytoid cells were the most commonly seen epithelial component (100%), followed by cuboidal cells in (80%) of the cases. Trabecular pattern was the predominant epithelial morphological pattern (90 %), and the myxoid component was the most frequent stromal component (80%). Conclusion: PA of the salivary glands demonstrates a wide variety of cells, stromal components, and morphological characteristics. Since it is the most frequent salivary gland neoplasm that can resemble other salivary gland tumors, the knowledge about these variations is essential for a correct diagnosis. Keywords: Histopathology, pleomorphic adenoma, salivary gland neoplasms Citation: Sarkis SA, Al-Drobie BF, MajeedGH, Al-Marzooq TJM.Histopathological characteristics of pleomorphic adenoma; a retrospective analysis of 120 cases. Iraqi JMS. 2018; Vol. 16(1): 84-91. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.16.1.12

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Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignancy characterized by poor prognosis and low survival rate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Immunohistochemical expressions of BAD, MDM2, and P21as apoptotic markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and methods: This study was performed on forty formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks which histopathologically diagnosed as Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. All cases were collected from the Histopathological Laboratory from patients treated surgically at Maxillofacial surgery Department at Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Iraq. Results: The immunohistochemical staining of BAD showed positive expression in 39 (97.5%), MDM2 showed positive expression in 39(97.5%) and P21showed positive expression in 34(85%) of the collective cases. Conclusion: A statistically significant correlation was found regarding MDM2 with the tumor site, P21 with tumor grade.

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