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Purpose This paper aims to keep the pendulum on the linear moving car vertically balanced and to bring the car to the equilibrium position with the designed controllers. Design/methodology/approach As inverted pendulum systems are structurally unstable and nonlinear dynamic systems, they are important mechanisms used in engineering and technological developments to apply control techniques on these systems and to develop control algorithms, thus ensuring that the controllers designed for real-time balancing of these systems have certain performance criteria and the selection of each controller method according to performance criteria in the presence of destructive effects is very helpful in getting information about applying the methods to other systems. Findings As a result, the designed controllers are implemented on a real-time and real system, and the performance results of the system are obtained graphically, compared and analyzed. Originality/value In this study, motion equations of a linear inverted pendulum system are obtained, and classical and artificial intelligence adaptive control algorithms are designed and implemented for real-time control. Classic proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, fuzzy logic controller and PID-type Fuzzy adaptive controller methods are used to control the system. Self-tuning PID-type fuzzy adaptive controller was used first in the literature search and success results have been obtained. In this regard, the authors have the idea that this work is an innovative aspect of real-time with self-tuning PID-type fuzzy adaptive controller.

Purpose-This paper seeks to develop a novel legged robot. Design/methodology/approach-First, the paper models the legged robot using 3D computer model by intelligent inspiration of biological principles. Then, based on this model, it develops the prototype of the legged robot. Findings-A novel motion mechanism is used and only two actuators are used for driving the system. Originality/value-The modelled legged robot is original in terms of the developed motion mechanism.

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