Tourmaline nano powder was used for the first time in the production of poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanofibers. The polymer chips of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) containing 3 wt% tourmaline powder were obtained. The electrospun nanofibrous mats were produced from both of the polymer solutions prepared by using the polymer chips. The nanofibrous mats were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In order to investigate the effect of tourmaline additive in the poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanofibrous mat, water contact angle, electrical conductivity and negative ion releasing measurements were performed on the mats. The incorporation of tourmaline in the nanofibers improved the wettability, electricity transmission and anion emitting property of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) mat. Keywords poly(ethylene terephthalate), tourmaline, nanofibrous mat, characterizationPolyester fiber based on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has a wide usage in the textile industry due to its good mechanical properties, low density and chemical resistance. On the other hand, polyester fibers have hydrophobic character due to the lack of polar groups. The hydrophobic nature of fibers causes some disadvantages, such as low moisture regain, high electrostatic behavior, pilling and soiling properties. In order to improve physical, chemical and performance properties of polyester fibers, various modification methods have been performed, such as blending with different additives or polymers and changing the cross-sectional shape. 1-4 In recent years, polyester composite fibers/ nanofibers, including inorganic nanoparticles such as iron, 5 titanium dioxide, 6 montmorillonite, 7 calcium silicate, 8 magnesium hydroxide, 9 silica 10 and perlite, 11 have attracted many researchers' attention for their potential applications in electronic devices, sensors, filters and medical products.Electrospinning is an effective method for the production of nanofibrous mats. The nanofibrous mats have a nanoporous structure, light weight and very high specific surface area, which are also attractive to many potential applications such as in filtration, protective clothing and biomedical engineering. 12,13 Tourmaline (TM) is a natural boron silicate mineral. The general formula of TM is accepted as XY 3 Z 6 (BO 3 ) 3 Si 6 O 18 V 3 W. In this formula, X (Na, Ca, K, vacancy), Y (Li, Mg, Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , Mn 2+ , Al, Ti 4+ , Cr 3+ ,V 3+ , Zn, vacancy) and Z (Al, Mg, Fe 3+ , Cr 3+ , V 3+ ) sites are cationic elements, and V (OH, O) and W (OH, F, O) sites are anionic elements. 13-15 TM is a polar crystalline material and exhibits spontaneous surface electric fields especially in small granules. 13,16 TM crystals show pyroelectric and piezoelectric characteristics when temperature or pressure conditions change. A TM crystal maintains a pair of electrodes with no supply of external electric energy and can be recognized

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Öz: Polisakkarit esaslı polimerler, biyomedikal uygulamalarda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; polisakkarit hyaluronik asit, karboksimetil selüloz ve sodyum alginat polimerleri kullanılarak elektro çekim yöntemiyle nanolifli yüzey üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üretilen nanolifli yüzeye, suya dayanımını geliştirmek amacıyla, 1-etil-3-(3-dimetilaminopropil) karbodiimid hidroklorit ve Nhidroksisülfosüksinimit karışımı ile çapraz bağlama işlemi uygulanmıştır. Nanolifli yüzey, çapraz bağlama işlemi öncesi ve sonrasında, taramalı elektron mikroskobu, fourier transform infrared spektrometresi, atomik kuvvet mikroskobu, BET analizi ve suya dayanım testi ile karakterize edilmiştir. Sonuçlar; çapraz bağlama işlemi ile lifli yapının deformasyona uğramadan nanolifli yüzeyin suya dayanıklı hale geldiğini göstermiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Hyaluronik asit, karboksimetil selüloz, sodyum alginat, nanolif, elektro çekim, çapraz bağlama Production and Crosslinking of Polysaccharide Based Nanofibrous Mat for Biomedical ApplicationsAbstract: Polysaccharide based polymers are widely used in biomedical applications. In this study, nanofibrous mat was produced from hyaluronic acid, carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate polysaccharide polymers via electrospinning method. Resultant nanofibrous mat was crosslinked with 1-etil-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide solution to develop its water resistance. Before and after the crosslinking process, nanofibrous mat was characterized by scanning electron microscope, fourier transform infrared spectrometry, atomic force microscope, BET analysis and water resistance test. The results indicated that the nanofibrous mat was become resistant to water without any deformation of nanofibrous structure with the crosslinking application.

Post-operative adhesions are one of the most important problems faced by patients and surgeons. In this study, nanofibrous mats were produced as novel surgical adhesion barrier from polysaccharidebased polymers, hyaluronic acid, carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate, via electrospinning. The produced nanofibrous mats were crosslinked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide. Furthermore, the morphology, in vitro degradation, cytotoxicity and cell adherence potentials of the nanofibrous mats aimed to be used as adhesion barriers were evaluated and compared with a commercial adhesion barrier. Results of the in vitro experiment showed that the nanofibrous mats have maintained their physical structures during the critical period for adhesion formation, and had non-adherent cell feature and non-cytotoxic nature required for an ideal adhesion barrier.