In the article we considered the problem of treating groundwater and surface water for drinking purposes.The efficiency of whole system work depends on filtration installations in the technological schemes of drinking water preparation. A floating granular filling with expanded polystyrene was first proposed at the Department of Water Supply and Drilling (National University of Water Management and Natural Resources).In article we showed the structure of polystyrene filters and principle of their work. The authors suggested technological schemes clarifying and discoloration of the surface water in single-stage and two-stage reagent schemes and contact groundwater iron removal with polystyrene foam filters. Described principles of work, parameters and conditions of use the technological schemes. We proposed scheme with hydraulic automatic device with switching modes.Showed implementation experience developed technological schemes of polystyrene foam filters in the water preparation for drinking purposes and assessed the economic efficiency of proposed solutions.
A mathematical model based on the research process by the contact groundwater iron removal filters with polystyrene upward seepage takes into account reverse influence determinants (concentration of fluid contamination and sediment) for the environment characteristics (porosity coefficient, mass exchange). Construct the algorithm of solution the regularly perturbed nonlinear task as "convection -mass exchange". On this basis, conducted a computer experiment involving experimental data confirmed the adequacy of the model.
The use of expanded polystyrene filters is a promising method for tertiary treatment of domestic waste effluent where biologically treated effluent is filtered through a layer of buoyant polystyrene beads. The advantage of such filters is in the absence of backwashing pumps, containers of clean washing water, while having low energy costs, high resistance of polystyrene to various chemical contaminants that may be in the effluent, easy automation of switching modes.The article describes the features of the design and principles of the expanded polystyrene filter operation with an upward filtration flow which works in automatic mode. The article includes the comparison of operation and the structural technological characteristics of polystyrene filters with disc filters, which are usually used in practice of tertiary-treatment of effluent in the UK.Experimental results were obtained from the operation of expanded polystyrene filters with an upward flow of filtration at two operational wastewater treatment plants. The effectiveness of the tertiary-treatment of waste effluent was evaluated by measures of BOD and COD in non-filtered and filtered samples, as well as total suspended solids during the months of the year and hours of the day. The filter demonstrated an average removal of 40% BOD, 28% of COD and 66% of TSS.
This article discusses ways to intensify the natural water treatment plants operation using foamed polystyrene as a contact and filtering medium for bioreactors and filters. The reagent schemes with polystyrene foam filters are offered for the surface water treatment. The improved physicochemical and biological methods for slightly acidic and neutral groundwater preparation are recommended to use. The use of ferrobacteria metabolism products for the ammonium nitrogen oxidation in a slightly acidic medium was investigated. The x-ray spectral analysis of bio-minerals matrix structures was conducted. The reasons of unsatisfactory technical condition of sewage treatment plants in Ukraine were analyzed. The ways of increasing their work efficiency using sedimentation aerotanks of large hydraulic height and using the simultaneous nitrification-denitrification were offered.
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