The article is devoted to a study of the issues related to the processes of reducing the greenhouse gas emissions using different types of biofuels. The dynamics of carbon dioxide emissions in the global energy sector were analyzed and it was determined that a stable level of the CO 2 emissions in the last three years is due to introduction of the technologies with the use of renewable energy sources by developed countries. It was proven that the assessment of total greenhouse gas emissions requires an analysis of emissions throughout the life cycle of a biofuel. The impact of a biofuel on the climate change depends on the raw material from which it is produced, and which has a decisive influence on its chemical composition and performance. It was established that a significant role in ensuring energy security and preventing climate change is attributed to the development of biotechnologies, unrelated to the risks of agricultural production. The use of a biofuel from lignocellulose raw material may be more efficient in terms of reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. A biofuel, obtained from the processing of microalgae, also has important prospects. The ability of microalgae to bind atmospheric carbon dioxide may have a positive effect on solving the problem of greenhouse effect.
The Tiligul estuary is one of the largest estuaries of the Northern Black Sea coast, which, in conditions of climate change, has practically lost its ability to self-restoring water balance. Despite the two-year period of seawater submission through the rehabilitated "Sea-Estuary" Channel, the level of modern salinity of its waters (19…23…26‰) significantly increases in the summer (to 27…28‰) and almost doubles the salinity of the Black Sea waters (16…17‰) The excessive salinity of the estuary, especially in its lower part, is the main cause of the emergence and sustained maintenance of thermo-and halocline, which in turn leads to the formation of non-oxygen "dead" zones at depths greater than 4 m. Materials of long-term environmental and hydrological studies of the Tiligul estuary allow to justify and to propose a partial regulated use of the Dnieper-Bug estuary fresh stream flow for desalination and restoration of the Tiligul estuary reservoir status. The stated approach to solving such an important and complex problem is up-todate and absolutely original, while maintaining its environmental rationality and energy-completeness. The approach and ploying on the marine surface of small salted waters of the Dnieper-Bug River in the area of the Tiligul estuary crucible allows them to be self-feeding in the estuary in volumes from 0.5 million m 3 /day, which provides the possibility of controlling the hydro chemical state of the Tiligul estuary waters. It allows expecting the normalization of water salinity at the limit of 10‰ (with the presence of 28…30‰), at least for the lower and middle part of the estuary, and the elimination of anaerobic "dead" zones in deep basins of the estuary. The construction and operation of locked channels in the thickness of the Tiligul estuary transshipment, equipped with powerful pumping units and fixed up with power from nearby wind farms (Rybakivske and Tuzlovsky wind fields), allow to realize as much as possible the most favorable for freshwater water supply the hydrological conditions that are formed by the runoff of the Dnipro-Bug estuary and the wind regime of the coastal marine area. It is possible to expect the normalization of the level of the Tiligul estuary within 3 to 5 years, the partial restoration of the saline-water regime of the waters and the elimination of the conditions for the emergence of thermohalklin in the deep water areas of its water area as a result of the implementation of the proposed design activities and the cutoff of reservoir degradation and sub-aquatic ecosystems.
Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, MykolaivНаціональний університет кораблебудування імені адмірала Макарова, м. Миколаїв abstract. The article studies the trends in shaping the sustainable development of the region based on the analysis of dynamics of decoupling by resource factors in identifying the relationships between economic development and consumption of certain types of resources in the Mykolaiv region. The concept of decoupling has been analyzed, and two types of decoupling are considered: by resource factors and by impact on the environment. In order to identify the effect of decoupling by resource factors in the Mykolaiv region, the dynamics of the following indicators has been studied: consumption of energy and oil refinery products; fresh water consumption; waste generation, recycling and combustion for energy production. The volume index of gross regional product is used as an indicator of economic growth. Volume indices of consumption of the resources under study and GRP are calculated with reference to the baseline in 2010. Absolute decoupling by consumption of energy and oil refinery products has been revealed. By the volume of fresh water consumption, no decoupling has been found. The highest decoupling indicator was observed in 2015, but in the recent years it is estimated to vary within the negative range. The last three years showed the tendency of reduction in the volumes of hazardous waste, but previous substantial variations do not allow confirming the decoupling effect in waste generation and management. The main factors that hamper the transition to a resource-saving production and consumption are identified. The measures to direct regional development with account for green growth are suggested. The Mykolaiv region has a considerable potential for the transition to a resource-saving and ecologically-oriented economy. The study of the dynamics of the presented decoupling indicators by resource factors can contribute to establishing targets and limitations in order to create the preconditions for sustainable development of the region.Keywords: sustainable development; green growth; decoupling factor; energy consumption; fresh water consumption; waste generation; waste management; alternative energy sources.Анотація. У статті визначено особливості регіонального розвитку з урахуванням концепції й стратегії «зеле-ного» зростання. Проведено дослідження динаміки показників декаплінгу за ресурсними факторами й обґрун-товано значущість досягнення ефекту декаплінгу для процесів екологізації економіки й переходу до сталого територіального розвитку.Ключові слова: сталий розвиток; «зелене» зростання; декаплінг-фактор; споживання енергетичних матеріа-лів; використання свіжої води; утворення відходів; утилізація відходів; альтернативні джерела енергії.Аннотация. В статье определены особенности регионального развития с учетом концепции и стратегии «зе-леного» роста. Проведено исследование динамики показателей декаплинга по ресурсным факторам и обо-снована значимость достижения эффек...
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