No abstract

Prognostic factors were similar to primary osseous Ewing's sarcomas. Adequate surgical resection, aggressive chemotherapy (vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide and actinomycin-D alternating with ifosfamide and etoposide) and radiotherapy if indicated are the recommended therapy for patients with extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma.

NO increases in both pancreas and lungs in AP and NO contributes to the pathogenesis of AP under oxidative stress.

There is a controversy in the literature whether testicular nubbins carry malignancy risk and excision of the nubbin is necessary in patients with nonpalpable testis. It is also controversial whether vanishing testis has the same etiopathogenesis and risk with true undescended testis. The aim of this study is to investigate the histological findings of testicular nubbins in patients with nonpalpable testis and to question etiology and surgical indications for vanishing testis. We reviewed the histopathological results of 44 testicular nubbins in 40 patients (mean age: 4.1 years, range 1-13 years) with nonpalpable testis between 1992 and 2004, retrospectively. Exploration revealed 5 intraabdominal and 39 inguinal testicular nubbins. Of 44 specimens only 5 (11.3%) from inquinal testicular nubbins were found to have seminiferous tubules. Two of the five had seminiferous tubule structures with viable germ cells showing maturation correlating with age. The other two with scarce seminiferous tubules were seen on only a single area and one had Sertoli cells only. None of the excised tissue had malignant degeneration. The vas deferens was identified in 23 (52.2%), vessels in 26 (59%), calcification in 14 (31.8%) and hemosiderin in 12 (27.2%) of excised tissue. Presence of calcification in one-third of the nubbins supports vascular accident thesis in the etiopathogenesis of vanishing testis. The possibility for the presence of seminiferous tubules and viable germ cells in the testicular nubbin is low. These facts decrease theoritical risk of malingnancy. Therefore, an inguinal exploration for testicular nubbin in patients with vas deferens and vessels entering into the inquinal canal diagnosed at laparoscopy can be postponed untill testicular prosthesis implantation and the nubbin can be removed at this operation.

Web-based virtual microscopy has enabled new applications within pathology. Here, we introduce and evaluate a network of academic servers, designed to maximize image accessibility to users from all regions of Europe. Whole-slide imaging was utilized to digitize the entire slide set (n = 154) for the slide seminars of the 21st European Congress of Pathology. The virtual slides were mirrored to five academic servers across Europe using a novel propagation method. Functionality was implemented that automatically selects the fastest server connection in order to optimize the slide-viewing speed ( http://www.webmicroscope.net/ECP2007). Results show that during 6 months of monitoring the uptime of the network was 100%. The average viewing speed with the network was 3.1 Mbit/s, as compared to 1.9 Mbit/s using single servers. A good viewing speed (>2Mbit/s) was observed in 32 of 37 countries (86%), compared to 25 of 37 (68%) using single servers. Our study shows that implementing a virtual microscopy network spanning a large geographical area is technically feasible. By utilizing existing academic networks and cost-minimizing image compression, it is also economically feasible.

The sex hormone receptors (oestrogen, androgen, progesterone) in the bladder were demonstrated in clinical studies by various authors in adult patients. But the presence of these receptors in childhood had not been investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of sex hormone receptors in the bladder of male subjects in childhood. The study included 20 bladder biopsies from a total of 15 children. Biopsies were taken during open surgery and/or cystoscopic procedures for various indications from the bladder dome, trigonum and in the region of the bladder neck. All biopsies were routinely fixed and processed for histopathological assessment and investigated immunohistochemically to determine the sex hormone receptors in the bladder. The sex hormone receptors were demonstrated with different densities and locations. In particular, sex hormone receptors were found very frequently in biopsies taken from the bladder neck. Overall receptor positivity in the specimens was 90 % for progesterone, 65 % for androgen and 25 % for oestrogen. There was no receptor expression in the deeper tissues of the bladder wall. This preliminary study demonstrated: 1. Sex hormone receptors are present in children; 2. There was a female sex hormone (progesterone, oestrogen) receptor expression in male subjects; 3. The receptors are mainly localised at the bladder neck and in transitional epithelium of the bladder wall. We think that the sex hormone receptor map may be useful in the evaluation of lower urinary tract and specially bladder neck disorders in childhood in the future.

Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is an uncommon benign lesion that rarely presents in the craniofacial region. Aneurysmal bone cysts represent nearly 1.4% of all bone tumors, and among those, only 3% are located in the cranium. In this study, we report on an ABC located in the sphenoid bone with superior nasal cavity and ethmoid extension. The presenting symptom of our patient was headache, followed by diplopia, loss of visual accuracy, and abduction restriction. We successfully resected the lesion by a combined subcranial-midfacial degloving approach without any complications or recurrence.

Heterogenous ovary mass containing solid and cystic portions with echogenic areas on ultrasound imaging is highly suggestive of ovarian teratomas. Emergent surgical intervention is indicated if there is any suspicion of ovarian torsion. Otherwise, MRI is performed for further radiological evaluation. Based on radiologic findings, ovary-sparing surgery can be safely performed if the preoperative diagnosis is teratoma and there is always a plane of dissection between the normal ovary and cyst wall.