Monitoring of special structures is more and more widely spread to estimate their state while in use. The forecast reliability is conditioned by a quality of the observation program, equipment and apparatuses, by means of processing and analysis of the observation results. For this purpose there was established a Site for testing PTL supports and tower structures. The Ukrainian Site is a unique universal test bed for static and dynamic tests of both separate constructions and a structure in whole with a continuous recording of time-dependent parameters and processing of the signals obtained, and for studying and collecting statistical information on weather changes and micrometeorological peculiarities of nature effects on a specific object. To solve these tasks, there was developed and approved a universal multi parameter informationmeasurement system. Within the Site there was developed and introduced an automated frost-wind weather-station intended for automatic measurement of the environment hydro-meteorological parameters. There was also established an
Objective. The article presents the results of studies to determine the significance of the microbial flora of the nasal mucosa and oropharynx in the formation of the clinical course and immune response in children with infectious mononucleosis (IM). Materials and methods. Under the supervision were 93 children aged three to nine years, patients with mononucleosis. In 32 children (first group), Streptococcus pyogenes at concentrations of 10-5 and higher was isolated during bacteriological examination of the mucosa of the nasopharynx and oropharynx. 30 (second group) - 10-4 degrees or less. In 31 (the third group), Staphylococcus aureus, Spirochetae buccalis, E. Coli and other bacteria, except streptococcus, were sown in smears from the mucous membrane of the nasoropharynx. The immune status of patients was assessed by indicators of levels of lymphocytes CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD22+ and the content of interleukins 1β, 4, TNFα. Results. The acute period of the mononucleosis in children of the first group was characterized more severe symptoms of intoxication, more severe morphological changes in the tissues of the tonsils, lymph nodes, liver and spleen. Also a significant decrease in the relative amount of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ was observed compared with the indicators of children of the second and third groups. The increase in blood CD22+ content was more significant in children of the first group. The content of pro-inflammatory IL-1β and TNF-α in patients of all groups was significantly higher than in healthy children. The IL-4 increased in children of the second and third groups. In the period of early convalescence in children of the second and third groups, the relative content of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ cells approached the corresponding indices of the control group. This was not observed in children of the first group. CD22+ levels in all observation groups decreased by the convalescence period, but remained high compared with the control group. In children of the studied groups, by the period of reconvalescence, a decrease in the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α is noted, more significant in children of the second and third groups. At the same time, in children of the first group, the level of pro-inflammatory interleukins by the period of reconvalescence remained at high numbers. The content of IL-4 was a significant difference in the indicators of its content in comparison with the digital characteristics of healthy ones in children of the second and third groups. Conclusion. An analysis of the results of the study found that the presence of streptococcus in its high concentration on the mucosa of the nosopharynx of children with mononucleosis already contributes to the formation of cellular immunosuppression and a pronounced reaction of pro-inflammatory interleukins at the initial stage of the disease, which, in general, leads to aggravation of the clinical manifestations of the disease and, in our opinion, may be a causative factor of a possible unfavorable course of the disease.
Abstract. Background. Escherichiosis remains one of the most common intestinal infections
The article is devoted to the study of the provisions of the current legislation of Ukraine and the provisions of Council Directive 87/540/ЄEC with a view to determining the conditions for its implementation and realization of its provisions in Ukraine. The effect of the norms of the Council Directive 87/540/ЕЕС on the circle of persons was investigated. Moreover, the authors proposed a classification of the range of persons for whom the Directive is in force. So, this is: physical persons-entrepreneurs carrying out cargo transportation directly (individually); enterprises transporting goods directly (individually); groups or co-operatives of operators acting as agents in relation to their members; natural persons-entrepreneurs and / or enterprises operating as "subcontractors". Furthermore, the conceptual and terminological apparatus, namely the notions "shipping company", "association of enterprises", "legal status of a legal entity", "legal personality of a business entity", "subcontractor", "management of transport operations on permanent basis" are analyzed. Moreover, the concepts have been investigated by comparing their meanings in the Directive, the Ukrainian legislation and legal dictionaries. Finally, the comparison of the provisions on the terms of professional competence in the Directive with the provisions of the current legislation of Ukraine is made. The authors have proved that the qualification characteristic "Manager on water transport (by fleet)" regarding the definition of tasks, responsibilities and scope of knowledge to a certain extent coincides with the requirements of Council Directive 87/540 / EEC. However, qualification requirements are considerably higher because they require a complete higher education of the corresponding field of study (master, specialist), experience of work on the organization and operation of the fleet -not less than 3 years, and knowledge of English in the framework of their duties (provided that the company carries out international transportation).
The article is devoted to the study of the provisions of the current Ukrainian legislation and the provisions of Council Directive 87/540/EEC with a view to determining the conditions for its implementation and realization of its provisions in Ukraine. The place of the Directive in the system of Ukrainian legislation has been determined. Furthermore, it was proved that the Directive does not deal directly with drivers, as carriers, but with transport operators. Besides, the authors conducted a comparative legal study of the provisions of the Directive 87/540/EEC and the text of the official Ukrainian translation of the Directive. The authors noted that the occupation of carrier of goods by waterway in national and international transport is sphere of activity by Directive. Additionally, the effect of the norms of the Directive in space and in a circle of persons was studied. So the scope of the Directive for the type of activity is an entrepreneurial activity, which is not related to the direct transportation of goods, but to the availability of professional knowledge and appropriate qualifications in management and / or operation-the organization of transport operations, in particular those that are directly related to the transport of goods and the monitoring of their implementation. Also the authors mentioned tha t Ukrainian legislator uses the notion of "inland waterway", without even defining it. Finally, the conceptualterminological apparatus, namely, the terms "occupation", "transportation", "goods", "waterway vessel", "carrier", "actual carrier", "performing carrier", "shipping company", "inland waterways", national (coastal) and international water transport are analyzed. Moreover, the concepts have been investigated by comparing their meanings in the Directive, the Ukrainian legislation and legal dictionaries.
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