This paper considers the physical processes in the structure of the material for a heat-emitting fuel element (FE) shell, caused by various damaging defects, on its outer and inner surfaces, and affecting the change in the geometric parameters of a nuclear reactor’s FE. The task to improve the model of damage to an FE shell is being solved, taking into consideration structural and phase changes in the material of the shell with damaging defects on the outer and inner surfaces, in order to establish the actual criterion for assessing the FE hermeticity degree. It is proposed to study the structure of the shell material with damaging defects (macropores and microcracks), which is a porous heterogeneous structure with fractal properties of self-similarity and scalability, to use the apparatus of fractal geometry. A physical model of the FE shell has been built and proposed, in the form of a geometric cylinder-shaped figure, which makes it possible to investigate the fractal properties of the structure of the material of the damaged shell and their influence on a change in the geometric parameters of FE An improved model of damage to the FE shell was derived, which makes it possible to take into consideration fractal increases in the geometric parameters of FE, for the established values of the fractal dimensionality. Experimental studies of the FE shell, using the skin effect, confirmed the theoretical results and showed the validity of the choice of practical use of the fractal dimensionality parameter as an effective criterion for assessing the hermeticity degree of an FE shell. It has been experimentally established that the value of the fractal dimensionality of 2.68 corresponds to the maximum degree of damage to the shell for a leaky FE.
На основі аналізу проблем інтерпретування даних в педагогічних вимірюваннях обґрунтовано задачі моніторингу та оцінювання навчально-пізнавальних досягнень учнів на засадах забезпечення латентно-семантичного аналізу. Досить значна за обсягом навчально-пізнавальна діяльність учнів та всі її системні складники потребують застосування сучасних когнітивних ІТ-технологій для забезпечення профільних експертів та фахівців-методистів інформаційно-аналітичними засобами оцінювання інтелектуального розвитку учнів. Формування таких засобів є можливим на основі використання когнітивних технологій опрацювання значних обсягів даних через онтологічне моделювання усіх складників освітнього процесу та інженерії знань, включаючи процеси управління знаннями в освітньо-інформаційному середовищі. Запропоновано використання когнітивної інформаційно-аналітичної системи оцінювання інтелектуальних досягнень учнів на засадах трансдисциплінарного (цілісного) аналізу їхньої навчально-пізнавальної діяльності. В основі цього процесу лежить підтримка прийняття організаційних рішень за певними критеріями, які відображають такі характеристики особистості учня, як схильності, поведінка, модифікатор та психометрика.
This is a brief description of the current state of the use of software and information tools ICT in the formation of knowledge bases in education. Examples of the latest information and communication technologies (ICT) used in this area are given. The basic principles of the formation of an electronic network knowledge base in education are given. The goal of building an electronic network knowledge base in education has been determined. The described ontological and e-scenario principles of organizing an electronic network knowledge base in education in the format of an object-oriented “Prism of knowledge”. A general characteristic of the ontological method for constructing an electronic network knowledge base is given, it is based on the theory of graphs, namely, on its tree structure. This operational characteristic of the electronic script of the knowledge base, the specific information structure of its data blocks. An example of an operational tree-like graph-structure of an e-scenario of a knowledge base is given on the example of a physics curriculum for grade 10. The general characteristic of the “Web-software complex, the editor of scripts of the knowledge base” (work.inhost.com.ua) is given and its organizational structure is described. The results of the formation of an electronic network knowledge base in education in the “Knowledge Prism” format based on the use of the “Web-software complex, the knowledge base script editor” are presented. Provided like “Prism of Knowledge – Newton’s Law” and describes its characteristics. Discussion of the prospects of using the proposed method for constructing an electronic network knowledge base in the “Prism of knowledge” format, as a means of increasing the efficiency of information support for education. A conclusion is given on the relevance of the practical application of this method of forming an electronic network knowledge base on the platform of using the “Web-software complex, script editor of the knowledge base”, as a means of supporting distance education and a tool for building personal and corporate e-network knowledge bases in the “Prism of knowledge” format ... For example, such as an e-network knowledge base of lessons or curricula, electronic textbooks, presentations, etc.
The purpose of the article is to define new principles of organization of e-network personal knowledge base on the example of medicine in the format of object-oriented «Prisms of Knowledge». Presentation of the «Web-software complex of the knowledge base script editor» as a remote means of building e-knowledge base scripts in the format «Prisms of Knowledge». The research methodology is to apply the ontological method of building an e-network knowledge base based on graph theory, namely its tree-like structure. The information resources that form the e-network knowledge base are identified. The scientific novelty is due to the fact that the article presents the development of operational tree-like graph-structure of the e-scenario of personal knowledge base on the example of medicine, which is the basis for installation «Prisms of Knowledge» based on the use of «Web-software» (inhost.com.ua). Such personal knowledge bases can then be combined into corporate knowledge bases. Conclusions of the research an e-network personal knowledge base on the example of medicine was developed, which is a relevant and convenient means of remote construction of personal and corporate e-network knowledge bases in the format «Prism of knowledge» such as health passport, treatment protocol, personal guide, electronic textbook, lecture course, drug depository, etc. Keywords: knowledge prism, operational tree-like graph structure, personal, corporate knowledge base, ontology, medicine, e-network.
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