Los métodos gravitacionales como herramienta para el cálculo de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero derivadas del tráfico rodado en la planificación urbana
RESUMENEl cable de fibra óptica y la técnica Distributed Temperature Sensing puede ser una opción en la programación del riego de jardines para mejorar, no sólo la eficiencia en el uso del agua, sino también, por ende, el de fertilizantes y ahorrar energía. Esta metodología permite estimar en continuo la temperatura hasta 12,5 cm y temporal de 1 s. Posteriormente, se relaciona la temperatura con el contenido de agua en el suelo obteniéndose errores de hasta ± 2 %. En este trabajo se aplicó esta técnica al riego por aspersión de un área ajardinada de la ETSI de Agrónomos de Madrid. Los resultados son prometedores dado que permiten conocer la variabilidad espacial de la distribución del agua en el suelo y relacionarla con la distribución del agua por la unidad de riego para elaborar criterios de riego que mejoren la eficiencia de todos los recursos. ABSTRACTThe fiber optic cable and the technique Distribute Temperature Sensing show potential to be used for the irrigation programming in green areas, not only to improve the water use efficiency but, the use of fertilizers and saving energy as well. This methodology can measure temperature along the cable, every 12.5 cm, and every second. Then, temperature is correlated with soil water content with up to ± 2 % accuracy. This study was performed in a green area located at the ETSI de Agrónomos de Madrid that was irrigated by sprinkler irrigation. The results are promising since the water spatial variability within the soil is known and it can be correlated with the water distribution in the irrigation unit to elaborate better irrigation strategies in the garden.
<p>In Ecuador, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a main crop which production has been increase in the latest decade. The crop is grown throughout the country, although it is in the Sierra region where locate the greenhouse production areas. Tomato manufacturers face the water scarcity problems and in addition, the small and medium producers have little knowledge regarding the amount of water they should apply to the crop, and how they should manage. Considering this framework, this study first is aimed at determining the optimal water doses for tomato crop cultivated under greenhouse conditions in the Sierra region and second, it is aimed at establishing the best irrigation frequency. The experimental study was carried out from June to December 2020, in a metallic greenhouse with plastic cover, located in the Natabuela&#8217;s parish which belong to the city of Antonio Ante in the Imbabura province. The variables studied were: &#160;two water doses (100% and 120% of the of the evapotraspiration, ET) and four irrigation frequencies (two irrigations and one irrigation a day, one irrigation every other day and one irrigation every two days). In total, eight treatments were evaluated in an 2 x 4 factorial design, under a completely random block distribution, with four repetitions. The results show that the 120% ET irrigation dose produces the highest plant vigor and total and commercial production, while the 100% ET irrigation dose presents a higher citric acid percentage and total soluble solids content. Likewise, both doses do not showed significant differences in their water use efficiency and pH. Therefore, if the increase in production is searching then, it would be advisable to apply the 120% ET dose, although if the search is for the production quality it would be better to apply 100% ET. Regarding the irrigation frequency, one or two irrigations a day produced higher plant vigor as well as higher production and water use efficiency. None of the irrigation frequencies studied had significant differences in plant height and fruit quality variables.</p><p>&#160;</p>
Advances in Building Education RESUMENEn este artículo se presenta una experiencia educativa basada en la combinación de la clase inversa y el aprendizaje experiencial en los siguientes temas: hidrología e irrigación. Se han desarrollado herramientas multimedia alojadas en la plataforma edpuzzle para la preparación de clases magistrales y prácticas reales de manejo de riego llevadas a cabo en el laboratorio de hidráulica y riegos. La plataforma referida permite crear o reutilizar materiales interactivos que requieren la participación de los estudiantes ya que las preguntas se intercalan en los videos proporcionando una primera evaluación de desempeño por parte del alumno, válida para diseñar prácticas por el docente. También proporciona información y nivel de comparación para la evaluación del desempeño una vez realizada la práctica. Después de ver los videos y contestar a las preguntas, los estudiantes han hecho prácticas en el laboratorio y asistido a las clases magistrales con el material de apoyo proporcionado por los docentes. Una de las ventajas de la metodología empleada conocida como clase inversa es que reduce precisamente el tiempo dedicado a las clases magistrales ya que éstas se realizan a través de los videos. Este tiempo ganado se puede dedicar a poner en práctica los conocimientos teóricos, a resolver dudas y a realizar prácticas en el laboratorio. Todo ello encaminado a lograr un aprendizaje significativo. Por último, se han sometido los alumnos a un proceso de evaluación vinculado a la valoración inicial recogida de material audiovisual. La experiencia ha demostrado la validez de la metodología, su capacidad para proporcionar información útil para el diseño físico de la práctica por parte del profesor y las clases magistrales y una mejora en el uso potencial de las prácticas por los estudiantes involucrados.Palabras clave: Clase inversa, herramientas multimedia, riego, hidráulica. ABSTRACTIn this paper an educational experience is presented based on the combination of flipped classroom methodology and experiential learning in the following subjects: hydrology and irrigation. The approach has been the development of hosted multimedia tools in the edpuzzle platform for the preparation of master classes and actual management practices of irrigation conducted in the hydraulic and irrigation laboratory. The platform referred allows creating or reusing interactive materials requiring student participation as questions are interspersed in the videos providing a first performance evaluation by the student, valid for designing practices by the teacher and gives information and comparison level for performance evaluation once the practice is made. After viewing videos and answering questions students have done practices in the laboratory with the support material provided by teachers. One advantage of the methodology known as flipped classroom is precisely reducing the time spent on lectures as they are carried through the videos. This gained time can be devoted to implement the theoretical knowledge, to ...
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