Most of the farmers who grow cactus pear (Opuntia albicarpa) use manure as a fertilizer. This practice increases the problems of pests. The use of endomycorrhiza (Glomus intraradices) is almost unknown to farmers. Therefore, the objective of this research was to study the effect of the application with organic matter (OM) and inoculation with endomycorrhiza in cactus pear. The study was conducted under greenhouse conditions at the Montecillo Campus of the Postgraduate College, Mexico. Two types of soil from San Luis Potosí, Mexico were used, one of reddish coloration (xerosol) and another gray (lithosol). The results show that there were significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in all the variables by the inoculation with endomycorrhiza, and in the majority of those by the application of OM. Both the mycorrhiza and the application of OM, as vermicompost, promoted a greater growth of the stem and the root. The types of soils used did not affect the growth of the plants. The mycorrhiza can be useful to improve mineral nutrition, and thus increase yields in the cactus pear plantations. In addition, these fungi can increase yields, and help reduce production costs. The application of 50 t ha-1 of vermicompost is a better alternative to add nutrients and OM to this crop.
Background and objective: Mexico is one of the countries with the highest soil degradation due to erosion in Latin America. One of the most affected areas is the Mixteca Alta of Oaxaca, Mexico which presents advanced degradation processes. Where reforestation has been implemented as a restoration strategy. Which will allow recovering some ecosystem functions, such as protection against erosion and carbon capture. Materials and Methods: In the present study, aerial biomass, aerial carbon and soil organic carbon (SOC) were estimated in reforestation of Pinus greggii of different ages (1 to 8 years) with soil clearing under two slope conditions in the northern zone of the Mixteca Alta of Oaxaca. Aerial biomass and aerial carbon were obtained by allometric equations. The organic carbon content of the soil was estimated from the soil organic matter (OM), which was evaluated by the method proposed by Walkley and Black [1]. Results:The content of aerial biomass and aerial carbon increased with the age of reforestation and varied according to the slope. Finding the highest values in reforestation of 8 years of age on slopes of 1-5° (41.08 ± 1.43 and 20.95 ± 0.73). In the case of SOC, only the effect of age was observed, with the highest values also being found in reforestation of 8 years of age on slopes of 1-5° (23.68 ± 0.85). Conclusion:Reforestation, in addition to contributing to soil protection against erosion, also has the potential to capture carbon in the aerial biomass and in the soil. Which will be reflected in the quality of the soil and the services that a forestry system can provide.
Objective: To identify the success and resilience factors of rural enterprises in Mexico in order to contribute to the theoretical and empirical differentiation of these concepts. Design/Methodology/Approach: We used the National Network for Sustainable Rural Development Companies as a case study to formulate key questions to identify their success and business resilience factors. Results: Permanent job creation turned out to be the main success factor, and timely delivery of the product was the main resilience factor. Study Limitations/Implications: Recognizing the difference between success and resilience factors can help rural enterprises, their leaders, and decision-makers in the rural sector to understand and adjust their operating strategies based on their objectives. Findings/Conclusions: A success factor is a way to stand out among similar rural enterprises, while a business resilience factor serves to face adversity and continue over time.
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is a tropical crop, member of the Malvaceae family. Its fruits are grown and widely used in many countries of Asia and Africa. India is the main producer. It is cultivated in Mexico in small plots with scarce know-how. A sustainable and low-cost technology is needed to increase the profits of the farmers. Pseudomonas fluorescens have been used to increase germination and for biological control of pathogenic fungus. The study was done under greenhouse conditions. Two soils were used. One came from a parcel irrigated with sewage water and the other one was irrigated with clean water from a well. Half of the treatments were inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescens. Four doses of vermicompost were applied as a source of organic matter. There were significant differences (p≤0.05) in most variables recorded due to the treatments. The soil irrigated with contaminated water only affected root length and fruit number. The plants inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescens had better shoot and root growth, and fruit number, but it had no effect on fruit weight (p≤0.05). Vermicompost, as source of organic matter, also had a positive effect on Okra growth. Fruit number, and their dry weight augmented with the application of the lowest quantity of organic matter used (25t ha -1 ). Irrigation with sewage water, inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens, and lower quantities of vermicompost can be used to increase the yields of Okra. The use of Pseudomonas fluorescens can help to overcome the negative effects of contaminated waters, and other environmental and biological stresses. Recommendations are made to validate this result under field conditions.
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