Seasonal variation in container productivity and infestation levels by

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OBJETIVOS: Verificar a diversidade de criadouros e tipos de imóveis freqüentados por fêmeas de Aedes albopictus e Aedes aegypti. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado nos anos de 2002 e 2003 no bairro de CampoGrande, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Realizou-se pesquisa larvária em diferentes tipos de imóveis. As larvas encontradas foram identificadas em laboratório. A freqüência de larvas dessas duas espécies foi computada nos diversos criadouros disponíveis. Foram calculados os índices de infestação predial e de Breteau, as diferenças foram testadas pelo qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS:Os tipos de imóveis positivos para os aedinos foram: residências (83,9% do total); igrejas, escolas, clubes (6,8%); terrenos baldios (6,4%); e comércios (2,8%). Das 9.153 larvas, 12,0% eram de Aedes albopictus e 88,0% de Aedes aegypti. Para aquela espécie, os recipientes onde foram mais encontradas foram ralos (25,4%), latas, garrafas, vasilhames (23,9%) e vasos com plantas (16,2%). Aedes aegypti mostrou-se mais freqüente nos criadouros que Aedes albopictus (χ 2 =145,067, p<0,001). Também ocorreu diferença significante na freqüência dessas espécies em criadouros artificiais do que em naturais (χ CONCLUSÕES:Verificou-se a freqüência das fêmeas de Aedes albopictus e Ae. aegypti em variados tipos de criadouros e tipos de imóveis para postura. A oferta abundante de recipientes artificiais inservíveis nas residências, associada à capacidade de Ae. albopictus de freqüentar também os criadouros naturais, contribui sobremaneira para sua adaptação gradativa ao meio antrópico. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To assess the diversity of oviposition containers and buildings where females of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti can be found.

Relata-se a freqüência de vegetais Bromeliaceae e de outros criadouros com plantas positivos para Aedes aegypti durante dois ciclos operacionais (tratamento focal) consecutivos no Município do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, cujos períodos foram de 12 de novembro de 2000 a 9 de março de 2001 e 12 de março de 2001 a 15 de junho de 2001. O trabalho destaca as implicações epidemiológicas oriundas da crescente utilização dessas plantas para fins decorativos.

The human placental syncytiotrophoblast undergoes apoptosis and this process is associated with inhibition of apoptosis by the smoking habit. The same way as the presence of trophoblast apoptosis is associated with modifications of the maternal-fetal exchange, the inhibitory effect of the smoking habit on syncytiotrophoblast could be responsible for the poor prognosis of pregnancy in the presence of maternal smoking.

The present study demonstrated that the placental intervillous space acted as a site of fentanyl deposit, a fact that may be explained by two hypotheses: (1) the blood collected from the placental intervillous space is arterial and, according to some investigators, the arterial plasma concentrations of the drugs administered to patients undergoing epidural anesthesia are higher than the venous concentrations, and (2) a possible role of P-glycoprotein (P-gp).

The aim of the present study was to investigate the stereoselectivity in the kinetic disposition and the transplacental distribution of bupivacaine in term parturients during labor. Maternal age ranged from 18-37 years and fetal gestational age from 37.6-41.5 weeks. Healthy parturients (n = 23) received epidural 0.5% racemic bupivacaine alone (group A) or combined with epinephrine (group B). Maternal venous blood was sampled at regular intervals until 8 h after drug administration and umbilical venous blood was obtained at delivery. Bupivacaine enantiomers were determined in plasma samples by HPLC using a Chiralcel(R) OD-R column and a UV detector. One- or two-compartment models were fitted to data and differences between the (+)-(R) and (-)-(S) enantiomers were compared with the paired Wilcoxon test (P< 0.05). The influence of epinephrine was evaluated using the unpaired Mann-Whitney test (P< 0.05). The disposition of bupivacaine in maternal plasma was stereoselective, with higher V(d/f) (140.60 vs. 132.81 L for group A and 197.86 vs. 169.46 L for group B) and C(l/f) (29.00 vs. 25.43 L/h for group A and 33.15 vs. 26.39 L/h for group B) and lower t(1/2)beta (3.24 vs. 3.30 h for group A and 4.36 vs. 4.45 h for group B) being observed for (+)-(R)-bupivacaine. The combined administration of epinephrine resulted in higher V(d/f) (197.86 vs. 140.60 L for (+)-(R) and 169.46 vs. 132.81 L for (-)-(S)) and t(1/2)beta values (4.36 vs. 3.24 h for (+)-(R) and 4.45 vs. 3.30 h for (-)-(S)). The transplacental distribution of bupivacaine was stereoselective only when bupivacaine was administered without epinephrine (group B), with a higher cord blood/maternal blood ratio being observed for (-)-(S)-bupivacaine (0.40 vs. 0.35). Chirality 16:65-71, 2004.