The paper presents the results of the Battle of Post-Disaster Response and Restoration (BPDRR), presented in a special session at the 1 st International WDSA/CCWI Joint Conference, held in Kingston, Ontario, in July 2018. The BPDRR problem focused on how to respond and restore water service after the occurrence of five earthquake scenarios that cause structural damage in a water distribution system. Participants were required to propose a prioritization schedule to fix the damages of each scenario while following restrictions on visibility/non visibility of damages. Each team/approach was evaluated against six performance criteria that included: 1) Time without supply for hospital/firefighting, 2) Rapidity of recovery, 3) Resilience loss, 4) Average time of no user service, 5) Number of users without service for 8 consecutive hours, and 6) Water loss. Three main types of approaches were identified from the submissions: 1) General purpose metaheuristic algorithms, 2) Greedy algorithms, and 3) Ranking-based prioritizations. All three approaches showed potential to solve the challenge efficiently. The results of the participants showed that, for this network, the impact of a largediameter pipe failure on the network is more significant than several smaller pipes failures. The location of isolation valves and the size of hydraulic segments influenced the resilience of the system during emergencies. On average, the interruptions to water supply (hospitals and firefighting) varied considerably between solutions and emergency scenarios, highlighting the importance of private water storage for emergencies. The effects of damages and repair work were more noticeable during the peak demand periods (morning and noontime) than during the low-flow periods; and tank storage helped to preserve functionality of the network in the first few hours after a simulated event.
Dentro del mundo del deporte, tanto Colombia como España (los dos países de los dos autores de este artículo) son conocidos en el panorama internacional por sus logros en diversas competiciones. Ya sea en fútbol (de forma individual como grupal), ciclismo o automovilismo, en todos los entornos surge la misma disyuntiva, y es que detrás de todo deporte profesional hay siempre un trabajador, un deportista. Como deportistas se les exige los mismos resultados vengan del país que vengan, pero en cada país las realidades de coberturas en caso de lesiones o bajas deportivas no son iguales. Y este hecho puede determinar la carrera de un deportista, de un trabajador. En este caso se ha querido hacer una presentación en paralelo entre el estado de la cuestión en los ámbitos de las coberturas sociales de los deportistas de España y Colombia en contraprestación con sus rendimientos profesionales y la posible influencia de ellas en su desempeño como profesionales.Abstract. Colombia and Spain are internationally known within the Sports sector thanks to their achievements in several competitions. Whether in football (individually and as teams), cycling or motor sports, the same pattern arises regardless of the environment: behind any professional sport there is always a worker, a sportsman. As athletes, they are required to achieve similar results no matter where they come from; however, the coverage of injuries or casualties differs depending on each country. This fact can have an important impact on any athlete's career, any worker’s career. This works aims to present a parallel introduction on the current features of athletes’ social coverage both in Spain and Colombia, connecting it with their professional performance and analyzing its possible influence over their performance as professionals.
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La pandemia de COVID-19 ha supuesto el mayor despliegue de las Fuerzas Armadas españolas en suelo propio desde 1977. El Gobierno de España decretó el 14 de marzo de 2020 el estado de alarma y puso en marcha una misión militar de apoyo y contención donde las cuentas de las redes sociales de las unidades implicadas han ido dando cuenta de su evolución. Este estudio tiene como objetivo conocer el impacto de las publicaciones subidas por cada organismo cada día de ese estado de alarma en sus cuentas de Facebook. Se ha medido cuantitativa y cualitativamente el número de publicaciones, «likes» y comentarios hechos durante el estado de alarma tanto positivos como negativos observándose que todos los organismos han dado una cobertura muy amplia de su trabajo, que ha habido unas cuentas más «acaparadoras» que otras que y el público ha agradecido y reconocido mayoritariamente su esfuerzo.
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