Determining ionizing radiation in a geographic area serves to assess its effects on a population’s health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of the background environmental outdoor gamma dose rates in Chihuahua City. This study also estimated the annual effective dose and the lifetime cancer risks of the population of this city. To determine the outdoor gamma dose rate in air, the annual effective dose and the lifetime cancer risk, 48 sampling points were randomly selected in Chihuahua City. Outdoor gamma dose rate measurements were carried out by using a Geiger-Müller counter. Outdoor gamma dose rates ranged from 113 to 310 nGy·h−1. At the same sites, 48 soil samples were taken to obtain the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K and to calculate their terrestrial gamma dose rates. Radioisotope activity concentrations were determined by gamma spectrometry. Calculated gamma dose rates ranged from 56 to 193 nGy·h−1. Results indicated that the lifetime effective dose of the inhabitants of Chihuahua City is on average 19.8 mSv, resulting in a lifetime cancer risk of 0.001. In addition, the mean of the activity concentrations in soil were 52, 73 and 1097 Bq·kg−1, for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. From the analysis, the spatial distribution of 232Th, 226Ra and 40K is to the north, to the north-center and to the south of city, respectively. In conclusion, the natural background gamma dose received by the inhabitants of Chihuahua City is high and mainly due to the geological characteristics of the zone. From the radiological point of view, this kind of study allows us to identify the importance of manmade environments, which are often highly variable and difficult to characterize.
La inhalación de gas radón (222Rn) induce cáncer de pulmón en humanos. El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar la concentración de 222Rn en una oficina pública. El estudio se llevó a cabo en dos etapas; en la primera etapa (PE) se cuantificó a tres alturas (0.74 m, 1.33 m y 2.06 m) alejado de la puerta y en la segunda etapa (SE) se cuantificó en el centro. Los niveles de 222Rn (Bq m-3) se obtuvieron con un equipo AlphaGuard, Professional Radon Moniton. Se hizo un análisis Anova (α = 0.05) considerando un diseño de tratamientos factorial 3×2. Se detectaron diferencias estadísticas para el factor de altura (p < 0.05) y para el factor tiempo (p < 0.05), pero no para la interacción (p > 0.05) en PE y SE. La concentración de 222Rn fue mayor a la altura de 0.74 m (161.31 Bq m-3 en PE y 168.21 Bq m-3 en SE), que es superior a las normas internacionales (100 Bq m-3 de la Organización Mundial de la Salud [OMS] y 148 Bq m-3 para Estados Unidos de Norteamérica [EUA]).
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