ABSTRACT. The vinasse, a waste produced in the proportion of 13 liters for each liter of alcohol. It has a high potential of polluting groundwater and superficial water resources, changes the soil behaviour and can also develop sanilization problems. This work aims to evaluate the efficiency of the DC-resistivity method in detecting and mapping anomalies caused by inappropriate disposal of vinasse in an inactive infiltration tank located at Sepé-Tiarajú settlement of landless agricultural laborers in the Ribeirão Preto region. Besides, as secondary goals, this work aims to characterize the type of anomaly residue as well as to diagnose its influence inside and outside of the limits of the tank. Eleven electrical resistivity tomography profiles were carried out with the dipole-dipole array, 10m of dipoles length and 5 levels of investigation.The geophysical survey enabled us to conclude that the DC-resistivity method is appropriate for mapping the contamination plume caused by intense vinasse disposal and its influence. It enabled also to conclude that the contamination exceeds the tank limits. The vinasse influence can be characterized by low resistivity values between 10 Ohm.m and 90 Ohm.m and its behavior can be compared with the one of the chorume, which is also conductive.Keywords: vinasse, DC-resistivity, soil contamination. RESUMO.A vinhaça, resíduo gerado na proporção de 13 litros para cada litro deálcool produzido, possui um alto potencial poluidor dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos e superficiais, causa alterações no comportamento do solo e pode gerar problemas de salinização. Este trabalho objetiva avaliar a eficiência do método da eletrorresistividade para a detecção e mapeamento das anomalias causadas pela disposição inadequada de grandes quantidades de vinhaça em um antigo tanque de infiltração localizado no Assentamento Sepé-Tiarajú, Região de Ribeirão Preto -SP. O trabalho objetiva também caracterizar o tipo de anomalia inerente ao resíduo no local estudado e diagnosticar sua influência dentro e fora dos limites do tanque. Foram executados onze perfis de tomografia elétrica, arranjo dipolo-dipolo radial e espaçamento entre eletrodos de 10 metros e 5 níveis de investigação. Os ensaios geofísicos mostraram que o método da eletrorresistividadeé apropriado para mapear as anomalias decorrentes da disposição de grandes quantidades de vinhaça no solo, apontar suasáreas de influência e concluir que a contaminação extrapola os limites do tanque. A influência da vinhaça pode ser caracterizada por baixos valores de resistividade entre 10 Ohm.m e 90 Ohm.m, podendo o seu comportamento ser comparado ao do chorume, que tambémé bastante condutivo.Palavras-chave: vinhaça, eletrorresistividade, contaminação do solo.

Bizuti pela ajuda e apoio nas etapas de aquisição de campo. Agradeço a "Teca", Virgínia e a Magda por toda a assistência, esclarecimentos e conselhos que precisei junto ao departamento. Agradeço ao Welitom e Aline por terem me ajudado muito nos meus primeiros meses aqui nessa terra tão distante do MT, pelos almoços, jantares, "biritas" e pelas conversas descontraídas. A todos os amigos que me fiz aqui em São Paulo, Alexandre L. Lago, Ernande, Jorge (quarta-feira), Gilmar, Leandro (cabelo), Dani (esposa do quartafeira), Marina. Aos amigos que estão em MT, que mesmo distantes me incentivaram sempre e sempre. A "galera" do alojamento, que compartilharam comigo conversas e risadas e dos meus primeiros seis meses aqui em SP. Aos amigos, colegas e companheiros da pós-graduação da Geofísica,

Self-potential anomalies with amplitudes of tens to hundreds of millivolts are observed in contaminated plumes despite not fully explained by geobattery models commonly used in geophysical exploration. Recently proposed models, termed as biogeobattery, assume that organic structures produced by microorganisms act as electronic conductors, as it is done by conductive minerals in standard geobattery models. The biogeobattery model in addition resembles what is termed as bioelectrochemical system or microbial fuel cell in fields of the research in biotechnology (bioenergy). This study explores this similarity to develop a laboratory experiment using a bioelectrochemical system as an analog model for a biogeobattery, to show that this model is able to explain the spontaneous potential signals observed in many geophysical surveys over contaminated sites. Experimental and modeling results show that the amplitude of the electric potential from a biogeobattery depends on: the area of ? the cathode, its internal resistance, the existence of an additional flow of cations (from the anode to the cathode), the electrical resistivity of the medium and the separation of anode to the cathode. In general, the experimental results were compatible with field observations at a contamination plume produced by a landfill. The contamination plume extends over two levels deep, degrading the quality of the unconfined and confined aquifers. The amplitude of the self-potential anomaly reaches −70 mV over the unconfined aquifer and is negligible over the confined aquifer, as observed in the corresponding models of the laboratory experiment. The biogeobattery experiment also shows that chemical reactions at the system anode were able do oxidize the organic substrate, reducing in 10 % its chemical oxygen demand. This result shows that self-potential signals in contaminated areas can be regarded as indicative of oxidative processes taking of buried organic matter and, as such, a proxy of biodegradation processes leading to natural attenuation of organic contaminants.

ABSTRACT.The main problem on environmental investigations is the determination of contaminated extension area. This work exhibit some results obtained with the geophysical methods applied to locate potentially contaminated areas with tanning residues. The area is located near to the city of Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso State. It was now interdicted and disabled for the residues deposition. The data were acquired from electrical profiles, with inline dipole-dipole array and 4 m spacing electrodes, allowing 5 investigation depths. The data of apparent electric conductivity were acquired in 2 dipole modes (horizontal and vertical coplanar) with intercoil spacing Keywords: Contamination, industrial residues, tanning, EM-34, resistivity, GPR, Várzea Grande. RESUMO.Um dos problemas existentes em investigações ambientaisé a determinação da extensão do contaminante no solo. Este trabalho mostra alguns resultados obtidos com os métodos eletromagnético indutivo, eletrorresistividade e georadar (GPR -Ground Penetrating Radar) aplicados para determinar e localizaráreas potencialmente contaminadas com resíduos industriais de um curtume. Aárea está localizada na cidade de Várzea Grande -MT, e atualmente está interditada e desativada para a deposição de resíduos. A aquisição de dados consistiu em perfis de caminhamento elétrico, caminhamento eletromagnético indutivo e perfis common offset de GPR. No caminhamento elétrico foi utilizado o arranjo dipolo-dipolo, com espaçamento entre os dipolos de 4 metros e 5 níveis de investigação. Os dados de condutividade elétrica aparente foram adquiridos com o equipamento EM-34, nos modos dipolo magnético horizontal e vertical a cada 2 metros, com espaçamento entre as bobinas

ABSTRACT.A variety of environmental problems occurs due to the inadequate disposition of residues. Applied geophysics methodologies to environmental studies show great results in the investigation of contaminating. GPR is a practical and fast geophysical method in such investigations, because the electromagnetic signal assists in the delimitation of the contaminating, addressing direct techniques of investigation (boreholes and wells). This study was developed in an old disposition area to residues lubricants oils (dense nonaqueous phase liquids -DNAPL) in the municipal district of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State. This area is situated in the geological domains of the basaltic floods of the Serra Geral Formation and sandstones of the Botucatu Formation. GPR acquisition was carried out inside and next to 4 ditches of residues disposition, with 100 MHz unshielded antennas, enabling a maximum investigation depth of 7 meters. The limits and of the ditches base can be identify in the GPR sections, except in the ditch 1, which the base is not delineated by GPR. The results show that GPR signal is much attenuated below ditches. This fact could be result of a bacteriological activity in the residue or increase of dissolved salts in the soil caused by acid pH of the residue.

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