SummarySplenectomy results in an increased risk of sepsis. The autogenous transplant of the spleen is an option for preserving splenic functions after total splenectomy. In this study, the capacity of animals undergoing autogenous spleen transplantation to respond to Staphylococcus aureus infection was investigated. BALB/c mice were divided into three groups: splenectomy followed by autotransplantation in the retroperitonium (AT), splenectomized only (SP) and operated non-splenectomized sham control (CT). Thirty days after surgery the mice were infected intravenously with S. aureus. Splenectomized mice had a higher number of colony-forming units (CFU) of S. aureus in liver and lungs in comparison with either AT or with CT mice (P < 0·05). Higher CFU numbers in lung of SP mice correlated with elevated production of interleukin-10 associated with a lower production of interferon-g and tumour necrosis factor-a. However, systemically, the level of tumour necrosis factor-a was higher in the SP group than in CT or AT. Lower titres of specific anti-S. aureus immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG1 were observed 6 days after infection in SP mice in comparison either with the AT or CT groups. Thus, splenectomy is detrimental to the immune response of BALB/c mice against infection by S. aureus which can be re-established by autogenous implantation of the spleen.
There is still controversy about the immunologic function of autotransplanted splenic tissue. In this study, splenic autotransplantation was performed in the abdominal cavity of mice, and the plaqueforming cell (PFC) assay was used to investigate the frequency of antibody-forming cells in response to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) immunization. BALB/c mice were divided into four groups according to the location of the autogenous graft: intraomental (IO), free peritoneal splenosis (FPS), retroperitoneal (RP), and nongrafted control (CT). Thirty days after surgery the mice were immunized intraperitoneally with SRBCs, and 4 days later splenic immunoglobulin M anti-SRBC-secreting cells were determined by counting the number of PFCs. All the immunized mice showed increased numbers of PFCs that were about 2 logs higher than those in the the nonimmunized controls (P < 0.005). The frequencies of anti-SRBC-producing cells in the tissues grafted in various sites of the abdominal cavity (IO, FPS, RP), in the normal spleen from nonoperated controls (CT), or in the sham-operated control group (SCT) were not notably different (5582 -2475 PFC/10 7 cells for IO; 4849 -1856 for FPS; 6604 -2903 for RP; 5940 -5029 for CT; and 6172 -2203 for SCT). Similar histology with small architectural variations was observed in all implants; less white pulp was involved, and there was more congestion in the red pulp, with extensive sinusoids and reticular fiber proliferation. This study shows that the T cell-dependent antibody response in implanted splenic tissues is as efficient as in the intact spleen, with no difference between the graft sites studied. This immune response does not depend on the slight architectural variations observed in the splenic implants.T he importance of the splenic autotransplant technique is justified by the high incidence of total splenectomy, the spleen being the most affected organ during blunt trauma as well as highly susceptible to iatrogenic incidents. 1,2 Since the nineteenth century splenectomy has been the treatment advised after splenic trauma, although current studies indicate that this procedure is not exempt from complications.
OBJETIVO: Estudar a influência do baço, da asplenia e do implante esplênico autógeno no metabolismo lipídico, por meio da avaliação do lipidograma sérico de camundongos e da verificação do efeito do transplante autógeno de baço em diferentes locais do abdome. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados camundongos BALB/c distribuídos em sete grupos de 10 animais: controle normal (CN); controle obeso (CO); operação simulada (OS); esplenectomia total (ET); três grupos submetidos ao transplante autógeno do baço: omento maior (OM), retroperitônio (RP), tecido subcutâneo da parede abdominal (PA). Os animais, com exceção do grupo CN, foram submetidos a dieta com 1,25% de colesterol. A intervenção cirúrgica foi realizada 30 dias após o início da dieta. A coleta de sangue ocorreu no 60º dia pós-operatório. Foram dosados os níveis de triglicérides, de colesterol total e de suas frações, bem como a glicemia. O baço, os implantes esplênicos e o fígado foram submetidos a estudo histológico. RESULTADOS: A dieta aumentou os níveis plasmáticos de colesterol total, HDL e LDL dos camundongos (p < 0,05 versus CN). Entre os animais em uso da dieta, não houve diferença no lipidograma dos grupos controles (CO e OS) quando comparados ao grupo esplenectomizado (ET), assim como em relação aos animais submetidos ao transplante autógeno do baço (OM, RP, PA). A capacidade de preservação da arquitetura histológica esplênica foi semelhante nos três locais de implante. Todos os animais que utilizaram a dieta enriquecida apresentaram esteatose hepática. CONCLUSÃO: De acordo com os resultados obtidos o baço não parece participar da regulação dos níveis de lipídeos plasmáticos em camundongos BALB/c.
OBJETIVO: Estudar, experimentalmente, a diminuição do trânsito intestinal através de piloros artificiais no íleo terminal de ratos, sem secção da musculatura entérica. MÉTODO: O estudo foi realizado em 40 ratos distribuídos em dois grupos de 20 animais cada. Foram confeccionados quatro piloros no íleo terminal de cada animal, com pontos sero-musculares separados, distribuídos circunferencialmente na alça intestinal. O Grupo 1 foi morto com 15 dias e o Grupo 2, com 30 dias. Aferimos as medidas da circunferência do intestino no transoperatório e no momento da necrópsia. RESULTADOS: No Grupo 1 houve dilatação média de 3mm no nível do primeiro piloro e de 4,15mm no quarto piloro. No Grupo 2 a dilatação média foi de 7,50mm no primeiro piloro e de 5,75mm no quarto piloro. No estudo anátomo-patológico ficou evidente a formação bem definida dos piloros. CONCLUSÃO: Não é necessário remover ou seccionar a musculatura do intestino delgado, nem a secção do plexo nervoso próprio do intestino, para promover a dilatação intestinal com esse método e, como consequência, diminuir o trânsito intestinal.
Splenectomized mice control Listeria monocytogenes infection better than non-splenectomized mice. Here, BALB/c mice subjected to splenectomy and autogenous grafting of spleen were evaluated after 3 and 7 days of intravenous L. monocytogenes infection. The group of splenectomized animals (SP) presented a lower number of bacteria in the liver in comparison with both the sham-operated control group (CT) and the group that received splenic autotransplantation (AT) in the retroperitoneal site. The AT group presented bacterial counts in the liver similar to the CT group. SP animals showed larger production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and nitric oxide (NO) in the liver in comparison with CT and AT, this being associated with greater accumulation of mononuclear cells. IFN-γ production by spleen cells after stimulation with heat-killed Listeria was similar between the AT and CT groups, suggesting that the implanted fragments behaved like the original organ. The autogenous grafting of spleen fragments reverses the resistance to L. monocytogenes infection found in splenectomized mice, associated with a reduced IFN-γ and NO production in the liver. The present study shows that splenic autotransplantation restores the function of the spleen in splenectomized mice, even though in this case it does favor the susceptibility to L. monocytogenes infection.
autologous transplantation of testis to the greater omentum and abdominal wall without vascular anastomosis is not viable in rats.
Objective: Report the experience of evaluating two patients with Amyand hernia as a strategy to identify this rare surgical condition. Experience Report: A 4-year-old patient with pain in the right inguinal region with irreducible tumor. The child was pale, prostrated and with leukocytosis and left deviation, being submitted to inguinotomy with diagnosis of Amyand hernia during surgery. The second patient, a 74-year-old man, presented abdominal pain in the lower right quadrant irradiated to the scrotum with a palpable and irreducible tumor in the right inguinal region. Laboratory tests showed leukocytosis with deviation to the left and physical examination showed mild dehydration and low fever. In the operating room, a hernia sac with incarcerated contents was found, which was an inflamed caecal appendix, and the diagnosis of acute appendicitis was later confirmed. Final Considerations: The reported cases become important due to their rarity and the association between strangulated right inguinal hernia and acute appendicitis, assisting the medical community for proper management.
Introdução: A raiva é uma encefalite viral progressiva e aguda, causada por um vírus do gênero Lyssavirus, de notificação compulsória, podendo ser transmitida por qualquer mamífero infectado, com letalidade de aproximadamente 100%, apesar de ser praticamente 100% prevenível. É considerada um problema de saúde pública, principalmente em países em desenvolvimento. Objetivo: Revisar aspectos desta doença e os 7 últimos anos do atendimento profilático anti-rábico no Hospital Pronto Socorro de Juiz de Fora (HPS -JF) demonstrando as principais sazonalidades no Serviço de Soroterapia. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo dos dados de atendimento de um Serviço de Soroterapia do ano de 2011 a 2017 e análise bibliográfica do Medline, Scielo, Ministério da Saúde e Organização Mundial da Saúde. Resultados: No período estudado, dos 12451 atendimentos anti-rábicos, foram realizadas 19517 doses aplicadas de vacina anti-rábica e 737 administrações de soro anti-rábico. Nos anos pesquisados até 2016 nota-se manutenção do número de atendimentos próximo a média mensal, não sendo o mesmo encontrado em 2017, quando houve um aumento. Demonstra-se também que existiu um aumento significativo da indicação do soro anti-rábico nos anos de 2016 e 2017. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o aumento da utilização do soro anti rábico demonstra de forma inequívoca o aumento do número de acidentes graves, se comparado aos anos anteriores, sem repercussão no número absoluto. Tal constatação pode revelar um aumento no número de casos de acidentes com animais não observáveis, necessitando a utilização de soro.
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