Rheumatic diseases are more prevalent and aggressive in indigenous population groups, providing medical attention for which poses a challenge for the rheumatologist. Objective To estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders and rheumatic diseases in the Saraguro indigenous people in Ecuador, as well as to identify the main factors associated with the health status of this population. Methods This observational, cross-sectional study focused on the community was conducted using the COPCORD (Community-Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases) methodology. The required data were obtained using the following instruments: (1) a screening for MSK disorders and rheumatic diseases; (2) a sociodemographic questionnaire; (3) a functional capacity Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index questionnaire; and (4) the quality of life EQ-5D-3L (EuroQoL) questionnaire. The rheumatologists working with the indigenous community were responsible for examining and treating study participants suffering from MSK disorders. Results The study sample comprised 2687 individuals, with mean age of 44 (SD, 19.9) years, 1690 (62.9%) of whom were women; Kichwa speakers comprised 32.4% (872), and 1244 (46.3%) reported MSK pain. The most prevalent conditions were as follows: low back pain (9.3%), hand osteoarthritis (OA, 7.2%), knee OA (6.5%), rheumatic regional pain syndrome (5.8%), fibromyalgia (1.8%), and rheumatoid arthritis (1.3%). Lower education level, unemployment, cooking with firewood, and rheumatic diseases were associated with a lower quality of life. Conclusions Musculoskeletal disorders, rheumatic diseases, and rheumatoid arthritis were found to be highly prevalent in the studied population. Rheumatoid arthritis and hand OA had the most significant impact on the quality of life.
Fecha de recepción: 27 de febrero 2013 -Fecha de aceptación: 15 de mayo 2013 RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio es determinar la asociación entre los factores de riesgo: índice de masa corporal bajo, alimentación con bajo contenido de calcio, menarquia tardía, menopausia precoz, sedentarismo y condición socioeconómica de pobreza en pacientes con osteoporosis posmenopáusica (OP) de los Hospitales Vicente Corral y José Carrasco. Estudio de casos y controles, participaron 112 mujeres posmenopáusicas con osteoporosis con densitometría ósea T-score <-2.5 DE y 112 controles, edades comprendidas entre 50 y 65 años, por cada caso se incluyó 1 control pareado por la edad. La muestra se calculó en Epi Info 6, con una prevalencia del 10% y un nivel de confianza (IC) del 95%. La edad, índice de masa corporal (IMC), menarquia, menopausia se obtuvieron a través del interrogatorio. La encuesta de tendencia de consumo de calcio, condición socioeconómica y actividad física, se realizaron utilizando instrumentos validados. Los resultados fueron sometidos al cálculo de porcentajes, odds ratio de prevalencia (OR) con un IC95% y regresión. La media de la ingesta de calcio fue de 597,77 mg por día, el 96% consumieron menos de 1000 mg de calcio, 17,4% con condición socioeconómica de pobreza, 79% de mujeres fueron sedentarias distribuidas en ambos grupos. Existió asociación de osteoporosis con menopausia precoz (OR 4,55 IC95% 2,23-9,31), condición socioeconómica de pobreza (OR 3,56 IC95% 1,64-17,73) y menarquia tardía (OR 5,17 IC95% 1,81); no hay asociación con bajo IMC, deficiente consumo de calcio y estilo de vida sedentaria. Palabras clave: Osteoporosis posmenopáusica, factores de riesgo, menarquia, menopausia, sedentarismo, ingesta de calcio. ABSTRACTThe purpose of the study presented herein is the assessment of the statistical relation between postmenopausal osteoporosis (PO) and the following risk factors: low body mass index (BMI), low calcium diet, delayed menarche, early menopause, sedentary lifestyle and socioeconomic status. The research involved the screening of 112 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and 112 control patients, aged 50 to 65, patients belonging respectively to the Hospitals Vicente Corral and José Carrasco, in Cuenca, Ecuador. A questionnaire addressing calcium-intake, socio-demographic, reproductive and lifestyle-related risk factors was employed previously to bone mineral density and other physical measurements using validated instruments. In addition to the calculation of the mean,
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