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Introduction The benefit of total arterial revascularization (TAR) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains a controversial issue. This study sought to evaluate whether there is any difference on the long-term results of TAR and non-TAR CABG patients. Methods The Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL/CCTR), Clinical Trials.gov, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies published by October 2020. Randomized clinical trials and observational studies with propensity score matching comparing TAR versus non-TAR CABG were included. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed. The current barriers to implementation of TAR in clinical practice and measures that can be used to optimize outcomes were reviewed. Results Fourteen publications (from 2012 to 2020) involving a total of 22,746 patients (TAR: 8,941 patients; non-TAR: 13,805 patients) were included. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for long-term mortality (over 10 years) was lower in the TAR group than in the non-TAR group (random effect model: HR 0.676, 95% confidence interval 0.586-0.779, P <0.001). There was evidence of low heterogeneity of treatment effect among the studies for mortality, and none of the studies had a particular impact on the summary result. The result was not influenced by age, sex, or comorbidities. We identified low risk of publication bias related to this outcome. Conclusion This review found that TAR presents the best long-term results in patients who undergo CABG. Given that many patients are likely to benefit from TAR, its use should be encouraged.

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Objectives: To determine the outcomes of bioprosthetic valve fracture (BVF) in valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation (ViV-TAVI) for patients with structural valve degeneration (SVD) of bioprosthetic surgical valves (BSV) implanted during surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR).Methods: A systematic review was conducted including studies published by May 2021. The primary endpoints of the study were 30-day mortality, annular rupture, stroke, paravalvular leak, pacemaker implantation, and coronary obstruction. The secondary endpoints were mean valve gradients (mmHg) and aortic valve area (AVA-cm 2 ). A meta-analysis was conducted using the software R, version 3.6.3 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing).Results: Four studies including 242 patients met our eligibility criteria. The overall proportions for 30-day mortality, annular rupture, stroke, paravalvular leak, pacemaker implantation and coronary obstruction were 2.1%, <1.0%, <1.5%, <1.0%, <1.0%, and <1.5%, respectively. After ViV-TAVI with BVF, the difference in means for mean valve gradients showed a significant reduction (random-effects model: −26.7; −28.8 to −24.7; p < .001), whereas the difference in means for AVA showed a significant increase (random-effects model: 0.55 cm 2 ; 0.13-0.97; p = .029). Despite the improvement in AVA means, these remain too low after the procedure highly likely due to the small size of the bioprosthetic valves implanted during the index SAVR. Conclusion:ViV-TAVI with BVF has proven to be a promising option but data are still too scarce to enable us to draw definitive conclusions. Despite the decrease in gradients, postprocedural AVA remains worrisome. Studies with better designs and larger sample sizes are needed to advance this treatment option.

The best treatment for patients with ischemic heart failure (HF) is still on debate. There is growing evidence that coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) benefits these patients. The current recommendations for revascularization in this context are that CABG is reasonable when it comes to decreasing morbidity and mortality rates for patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction <35%), and significant coronary artery disease (CAD) and should be considered in patients with operable coronary anatomy, regardless whether or not there is a viable myocardium (class IIb). Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) does not have enough data to allow the panels to reach a conclusion. The Korean Acute Heart Failure registry (KorAHF) had its data released recently, showing that patients with acute HF who underwent CABG had lower death rates, more complete revascularization and less adverse outcomes compared with patients treated with PCI. Recent ESC/EACTS guidelines on myocardial revascularization clearly recommended CABG as the first choice of revascularization strategy in patients with multivessel disease and acceptable surgical risk to improve prognosis in this scenario of left ventricular dysfunction. However, a high peri-procedural risk must be compared with the benefit of late mortality, and pros and cons of each strategy (either PCI or CABG) must be weighed in the decision-making process. Spurred on by the publication of the above-mentioned article and the release of new guidelines, we went on to write an overview of the current practice of state-of-the-art coronary revascularization options in patients with HF.

Objective: To describe the mitral annuloplasty technique either in isolation or associated with posterior quadrantectomy and to analyze the immediate and late results in young patients. Method: Between February 1986 and February 2001, 790 mitral procedures were performed in our Institution including 41 annuloplasties in patients with ages ranging from 1 to 20 years old (Mean age = 9.7 years). 51.7% were males. The main etiologies were rheumatic disease (92.6%) and myxomatous degeneration (7.4%). Twenty-two (53.6%) patients were preoperatively in functional class III (NYHA) and 19 (46.4%) in class IV (NYHA), some in course of rheumatic fever aggravated by malnutrition. The technique employed was concentric mitral annuloplasty either in isolation or associated to posterior quadrantectomy. The follow-up ranged from 7 months to 15 years. Results: The in hospital mortality was 2.4%. All patients were discharged without mitral regurgitation. Two patients coursed with mitral stenosis (after 4 and 11 years) and replacement was needed. Two patients coursed with aortic insufficiency (after 12 and 18 months) and died after aortic valve replacement, contributing to a 5% late mortality. Conclusion: In conclusion, mitral annuloplasty without a prosthesis in isolation or associated to posterior quadrantectomy is a safe and easily reproducible especially in young patients.

Anomalia de Ebstein em paciente adulto: valvuloplastia modificada para correção de insuficiência tricúspide. Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc 2002; 17(2): 24-28. RESUMO: Objetivos: Avaliar a correção cirúrgica em pacientes adultos portadores de anomalia de Ebstein, utilizando uma variação técnica para correção da insuficiência tricúspide.Casuística e Métodos: Entre janeiro de 1990 e março de 2001, seis pacientes adultos foram submetidos à correção cirúrgica com uma variação da técnica apresentada por Carpentier. A idade variou de 18 a 34 anos. Todos se apresentavam em classe funcional III ou IV (NYHA), com piora da cianose ou arritmias freqüentes. Em quatro pacientes a valva tricúspide era do tipo B e em dois do tipo A (Carpentier), quatro apresentavam comunicação interatrial (CIA) associada. O hematócrito variou de 33% a 68%. O índice cardíaco variou de 0.47 a 0.88. A fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo variou de 50% a 80%.Resultados: Não se registrou óbitos no período hospitalar. Um paciente foi reoperado por sangramento no pós-operatório imediato. Em dois pacientes ocorreram derrames pericárdicos de repetição. Foi registrado um óbito no 14º mês de pós-operatório por morte súbita. Os pacientes foram seguidos por um período de 10 a 108 meses. Quatro encontram-se em classe funcional I e um encontra-se em classe funcional II (NYHA). O ecocardiograma no pós-operatório imediato e na última avaliação mostra insuficiência tricúspide discreta ou moderada em quatro e importante em um paciente.Conclusão: Apesar do pequeno número de pacientes nesta série, a modificação técnica cumpriu o seu papel, com a melhora clínica e funcional dos pacientes tratados em até nove anos de seguimento.

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