The article presents the research results of the product's properties of potato starch modification by acetylmalic acid chloroanhydride. Modification of potato starch has been carried out and has been confirmed by elemental analysis. In the infrared spectra, changes in the frequency oscillations of native starch in the noncharacteristic region have occurred: the frequency of oscillations at 981.81 cm −1 has increased and in the spectrum of modified starch has been at 1024.82 cm −1 ; the band with frequency of oscillations of 923.07 cm −1 has shifted to 866.66 cm −1 , and the band with frequency of oscillations of 609.79 cm −1 has shifted to 672.22 cm −1 , indicating the change in noncharacteristic region of the native starch sample after acylation. The properties of obtained modified product have been studied and this modification has appeared to change the shape of moisture and starch bonds, along with decreasing appearance of grains and reduced degree of crystallinity from 12 to 4%.
Abstract:The results of study of foods and biodegradable film structure with the use of infrared spectroscopy (IR spectra) are presented. For the first time detailed decodings of IR spectra of some foods and biodegradable film packaging materials are shown. Interpretation of the spectra of basic biopolymers of foods and biodegradable films is given. It is corroborated with the help of IR spectra that the chemical reactions in biopolymers when heated to 130 °C do not occur, which makes it possible to use biologically valuable raw materials. Furthermore, the expediency of use of IR spectroscopy for studying changes in foods and films produced on biopolymer base is established. IR spectroscopy is a fast method that allows you to monitor changes that occur with the raw materials in the technological process. Previously, IR spectroscopy was used to identify the compounds in chemical synthesis. This study shows that IR spectra can be used for study of foods and biodegradable film structure.
There are synthesized various types of polymethine dyes from trifluoromethylthiazolo(3,2-a)pyrimidinium and trifluoromethylpyrimido(2,1-b)benzthiazolium perchlorates various types of polymethine dyes were obtained – styryls, monomethinecyanines, symmetrical and asymmetrical carbocyanines, merocyanines. The absorption maxima and their intensities are determined for each dye, absorption characteristics curves and elemental analysis data for Carbon, Hydrogen and Sulfur are provided. As a result of the dyes absorption maxima analysis containing a tri-fluoromethyl group in the pyrimidine ring and synthesized in this reaserch with the absorption maxima of dyes without a trifluoromethyl group in the pyrimidine ring, the bathochromic effect of the trifluoromethyl group on the dyes absorption maxima was established. The phenyl in the fifth position of the thiazole ring causes a bathochromic shift of the dye absorption maximum. There are characteristics of the absorption curve. The α- and γ-derivatives of monocyanines have a significant difference. The curve is flat with one absorption maximum for α-derivatives.The curve is narrower and contains two absorption maxima for γ-derivatives. The absorption curves of merocyanines also contain two maxima. The results of elemental analysis for Carbon, Hydrogen and Sulfur are presented. The resulting polymethine dyes are easily synthesized from thiazolo(3,2-a)pyrimidinium and pyramido(2,3-b)benzthiazole in an acetic anhydride medium with product output at least 41%. The styrene product output are 53–93%. Synthesized dyes are crystallized from acetic anhydride. Symmetrical carbocyanines are crystallized from dimethylformamide.
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