Although humic acids (HAs) from peat exhibit various therapeutic properties, there is little information available concerning their physicochemical and antioxidant properties. To address this issue, nine different types of peat, including oligotrophic, mesotrophic, and minerotrophic peat samples, were used for isolation of HA fractions by basic (HAb) and pyrophosphate (HAp) extractions. Physical parameters of the HAs were analyzed by UV-Vis, fluorescent, infrared (IR), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Average Mr of the fractions ranged from 17.2 to 39.7 kDa, while their humification index (HIX) varied from 0.49 to 1.21. HAp fractions had a higher content of aromatic structures compared to HAb fractions. Moreover, HAp fractions had a significantly higher content of phenolic OH groups (3.6 ± 0.5 mmol/g) versus HAb (3.1 ± 0.5 mmol/g). All HA fractions exhibited antioxidant activity in radical scavenging and electrochemical assays, and their EPR signal had a single line with g = 2.0035, which is consistent with semiquinone type radicals. Furthermore, the HIX was found to be important in determining the number of semiquinone-type free radicals in the HA structures. Overall, these data provide a molecular basis to explain at least part of the beneficial therapeutic properties of peat-derived HAs.
The present article investigates adsorption of cationic dyes methylene blue and Ni (II) ions on brown peat moss powder. Besides, the sorption activity of brown peat moss powder towards methylene blue was studied depending on dispersive capacity. It was established that adsorption of methylene blue on brown peat moss powder was increasing up to the particle size of 0.1 mm. Further decrease in the particle size did not result in the increase in brown peat moss powder sorption activity. It may be explained by degradation of plant tissue structures responsible for major sorption mechanism functioning. To identify the mechanisms of brown peat moss powder sorption, the anatomy and morphology organization as well as the IR-spectra of the initial brown peat moss powder samples and brown peat moss powder samples after Ni (II) sorption were studied.
The development of a complex technique for the extraction and purification of polysaccharides from birch leaves (Betula pendula Roth.,Betula pubescens Ehrh.) (PSfB) was the purpose of this study. The following characteristics were used as criteria for evaluating the effect of the parameters studied on the production of target substances: yield of PSfB (gravimetric method), protein content (spectrophotometric method), molecular weight distribution (high performance exclusion chromatography) and degree of purification from low molecular weight impurities (LMWI) (IR) spectroscopy).During the experiment, the optimal parameters were determined at various stages of obtaining the PSfB: degree of raw materials grinding – 1.2–3 mm, pH of the extractant (purified water with pH=7), the ratio of raw materials : extractant (1 : 20), extraction temperature (50 °C), temperature and degree of evaporation (50 °C; 4 times), the ratio of concentrate : ethanol (1 : 3) and the method of purification from the LMWI (ultrafiltration).The result of this work is an optimized method for obtaining PSfB, allowing to achieve high yield without loss of product quality (minimum allowable content of low molecular weight impurities with the highest content of high molecular weight fractions).This technique is the basis for the development of laboratory regulations for obtaining an active pharmaceutical substance based on polysaccharides from birch leaves.
Methylglyoxal (MG) – is a high reactive α- oxoaldehyde, which can be synthesized through various biochemical processes in vivo. MG is capable of interacting with nucleophilic groups of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids which leads to their glycation. Covalent compounds that formed in this process were named advanced glycation end products. Advanced glycation end products play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes, chronic inflammation, cancer and Alzheimer's disease. One of the most stable compounds, which is formed by reacting of methylglyoxal with the nitrogenous bases of the DNA molecule is N2- carboxyethyl -2' - deoxyguanosine (CEdG). This compound can be used as a marker for monitoring of various diseases, investigation of the role of glycation end products in their pathogenesis, as well as to search for the therapeutic targets. To perform our molecular-biological investigations by mass spectrometry, we synthesized N2- carboxyethyl -2' - deoxyguanosine, and have proposed a new method for purifying compounds by reverse - phase HPLC. As a result, we achieved the optimal purity of the sample, while substantially reducing the cost of the purification procedure.
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