Passive microwave radiometry (MWR) measures natural emissions in the range 1-10 GHz from proteins, cells, organs and the whole human body. The intensity of intrinsic emission is determined by biochemical and biophysical processes. The nature of this process is still not very well known. Infrared thermography (IRT) can detect emission several microns deep (skin temperature), whereas MWR allows detection of thermal abnormalities down to several centimeters (internal or deep temperature). MWR is noninvasive and inexpensive. It requires neither fluorescent nor radioactive labels, nor ionizing or other radiation. MWR can be used in early drug discovery as well as preclinical and clinical studies. Reviews POST SCREEN

The temperature of a malignant tumour is a universal indicator of the growth rate of the tumor. Tumor temperature can be used as a prediction of the benefit of individual therapies and in monitoring the efficacy of breast cancer treatment. This review provides a systematic analysis of the data available in the current literature on the role of microwave thermometry in risk estimation, the diagnosis of breast pathology and in assessing the effect of neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer treatment.Various aspects of the use of microwave thermometry in breast diseases are described: the diagnostic value of the method and the value in differentiating hyperplasia, benign and malignant disease. Research has also suggested a prognostic role of microwave thermometry and its possible application to assess the effect of preoperative chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer.Microwave thermometry is a non-invasive method that can provide valuable information in relation to the diagnosis of various breast pathologies and may have value in screening programs to identify high risk groups for subsequent diagnostics using traditional methods (ultrasound, X-ray mammography, breast MRI, morphology). Microwave thermometry can also be used to assess the effect of ongoing neoadjuvant therapy of the primary nonoperative forms of breast cancer in order to allow early detection of response and provide as part of personalized medicine

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Microwave radiation at 3.4–4.2 GHz frequency of the cytochrome P450 CYP102 A1 (BM3) solution was registered during the lauric acid hydroxylation reaction. The microwave radiation generation was shown to occur following the addition of electron donor NADPH to a system containing an enzyme and a substrate. The radiation occurs for the enzyme solutions with enzyme concentrations of 10−8 and 10−9 М. The microwave radiation effect elicited by the aqueous enzyme solution was observed for the first time. The results obtained can be used to elaborate a new approach to enzyme systems research, including studying of the mechanism of interaction of a functioning enzyme system with microenvironment.

Monitoring of microwave emission from aqueous solution of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the process of the enzyme functioning was carried out. For the monitoring, a system containing HRP, luminol and Н2О2 was employed. Microwave emission measurements were carried out in the 3.4-4.2 GHz frequency range using the active and passive modes (active-mode and passive-mode measurements). In the active mode, excitation of the solution in the pulsed electromagnetic field was accomplished. In the passive mode, no excitation was induced. It appears that the passive-mode measurements taken in the course of the peroxidase reaction in the enzyme system have shown a 0.5 °С increase of the microwave signal. Upon the active-mode measurements, taken in the same reaction conditions, the forced excitation of the solution has also led to the increase (by 2 °С) of the level of the microwave signal – i.e. to its 4-fold enhancement compared to the signal obtained in passive-mode measurements.