This paper examines the significant differences in seasonal variations of criteria pollutant concentrations in various parts of a large urban area. These differences are caused by the microclimatic heterogeneity of the city and show the influence of breeze and orographic-type circulations on urban air pollution. The temperature heterogeneity of Krasnoyarsk territory during the winter leads to an increase of 150% in CO air pollution levels in the central part of city. During the summer the orographical heterogeneity of Krasnoyarsk City leads to increases of up to 400% in air pollution for different areas.
This article shows how undisturbed wind streams undergo complex transformations in speed and directions as they interact with different areas in Krasnoyarsk City. Fifteen years of data from urban monitoring stations were collected, averaged and analyzed, and these data show how buildings' layout determines the number of possible wind speeds and directions at specific monitoring points. Wind speeds at some monitoring stations can increase up to 40% as compared to the undisturbed wind flow speed at the meteorological station. But some urban points have 300% more calm periods than at the station outside the city. This paper shows the complete transformation of the undisturbed wind flow caused by non-uniform relief and building arrangements. These results can be used to verify numerical simulation models of air pollution dispersion and to use this information to better parametrize a wide range of problems of wind flows in urban areas. Suggested Reviewers:Opposed Reviewers:Response to Reviewers: Dear Editor, First, we would like to thank reviewer #2 for his detailed comments, and then we would like to present our response to these comments.Reviewer comment No1: The needs and gaps in the field should have been explicitly defined at the end of the brief literature review. In addition, it should have been clarified how this study is going to fill those gaps.Response to Reviewer comment No. 1: We have added the following sentences to respond to these points.To solve the problems of managing air quality and regulating industrial emissions in cities, data from the nearest meteorological stations are used, even though these data don't necessarily represent real wind fields accurately. Using these data in the standard methods for calculating air pollution fields, for example OND-86 (OND-86, 1987), can lead to erroneous conclusions. In this regard, the necessary characteristics of wind speed and direction in urban areas should be averaged over various meteorological conditions. That, in turn, requires long-term (not less than 5 years') observations from meteorological stations in different urban areas.Reviewer comment No2: The studied case described in section 2 should have been justified.Response to Reviewer comment No. 2: We have added the following sentences to respond to these points. This data reflects the wind mode in the study area from 1995 to 2010, and it includes the entire range of meteorological conditions. The wind flow distributions at the Krasnoyarsk meteorological station (WMO index #29570) agree with the results taken over the last 100 years (Klimat Krasnoyarska, 1982).Reviewer comment No3: In section 4, the results are described, however, more justification should have been provided to explain the results. For example, the wind speed at point 8 is higher the wind speed at meteorological station. This should have been justified and also similar cases in the open literature should have been address to support the rationale behind this behavior.Response to Reviewer comment No. 3: We have added the following sent...
The paper presents the results of a full-scale survey of the urban air pollution in industrial and residential areas of the Krasnoyarsk. The features of the spatial distribution of acetaldehyde concentrations in the atmospheric air on the territory of Krasnoyarsk are shown. The average, characteristic level of acetaldehyde in residential areas is more than 10 µg / m3, and in industrial areas it reaches values more than 140 µg / m3.
The paper presents the results of numerical reproduction of meteorological conditions that contribute to the accumulation of industrial emissions in the urban air. The calculation of the dispersion of PM emissions from the Coal Power Plants was performed by WRF model. It is shown the concentrations of fine particles in the urban air of Krasnoyarsk depending on the orientation of the emission plumes. A wind reversal over the city causes a concentration of fine particles increase in the urban air by 200 times.
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