The role of specific adipokines in the formation of adipose tissue dysfunction is considered. Obesity is a multifactorial disease that is characterized by excessive adipose tissue accumulation in the body and is a risk factor for the development of several other diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Obesity is one of the main causes of chronic diseases and disability in modern society. Adipose tissue takes an active part in cellular reactions and metabolic homeostasis and does not represent inert tissue only for energy storage. In obesity, excessive accumulation of visceral fat causes adipose tissue dysfunction, which greatly contributes to the occurrence of concomitant diseases. Adipose tissue is capable of synthesizing and releasing a large number of hormones, cytokines, extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors, and vasoactive factors, which are collectively called adipokines, affecting various physiological and pathophysiological processes in the body. Perivascular adipose tissue produces cytokines that affect angiogenesis and peripheral vascular resistance. Adiponectin suppresses the production of glucose in the liver and enhances fatty acid oxidation in the skeletal muscles, which together contribute to a favorable metabolic effect in energy homeostasis, protect cells from apoptosis, and reduce inflammation in various cell types through receptor-dependent mechanisms. Leptin modulates vasoconstriction depending on sympathetic activity while resistin is involved in insulin resistance due to inflammation, wherein its high level determines metabolically unhealthy obesity. Additionally, visfatin plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular inflammation in obesity and diabetes mellitus while osteopontin regulates the production of inflammatory mediators by immune cells and omentin plays an important anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing role. The production of most inflammatory mediators in adipose tissue dysfunction increases and contributes to the progression of obesity and related metabolic and vascular disorders. Considering adipokines as biological markers of pathological processes is necessary since their study will create prerequisites for preventive measures and will contribute to the positive treatment process.
Nuclear and radiation safety remains one of the most important components of the national security of our country. The increasing requirements for the medical care system in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in case of peacetime acute radiation injuries are due to the impossibility of completely eliminating the risks of radiation emergencies as a result of natural disasters, industrial radiation accidents and the threat of nuclear terrorism. The peacetime three-level system of medical support in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation has been developed. It is designed to guarantee the first aid, primary predoctor care, primary doctor care and primary specialized health care for victims of acute radiation injuries by medical units, formations and organizations in the territorial zone of responsibility. In 2017 it was completed a research work "Improving the organization of therapeutic care in acute radiation injuries at the stages of medical evacuation in radiation accidents". An analysis of medical service capabilities to provide specialized, high-tech medical care in radiation injuries showed the relevance of the clinical base development in military medical organizations and the importance of interaction with radiological medical centers of other ministries, agencies and services. The solution of these tasks will be facilitated by the creation of a specialized infrastructure on the basis of military medical organizations of the district (fleet), which is providing necessary conditions for the provision of medical assistance to victims of the radiation emergency.
The article examines the relationship between the creativity and genetic factors in a serviceman serving in the Arctic region with the special climatic and geographical parameters, a kind of sanitary and epidemiological situation, as well as the complexity of a military labor. A linear correlation analysis of the indicators of a creativity was carried out as one of the most important abilities of the personality, allowing timely response and adaptation to the changing conditions of the external social environment, and the polymorphism of four genes that take an active part in the process of the adaptation to the conditions of the Arctic region: the gene for the serotonin receptor 2A, the gene for angiotensin converting enzyme-1, the gene for neurotrophic factor, as well as the gene for alpha-actinin-3. It was found that the maximum level of verbal and imaginative creativity is observed in carriers of the Val / Val genotype of the neurotrophic factor gene, as well as the RR genotype of the alpha-actinin-3 gene. The carriers of these genotypes are characterized by a high production of neurotrophines that stimulate and support the development of neurons, which may determine the resistance of the central nervous system to unfavorable factors of the external social environment. In addition, the high level of expression of the alpha-actinin-3 protein, characteristic of carriers of the RR genotype of the alpha-actinin-3 gene, promotes accelerated regeneration of skeletal muscles, which may contribute to more optimal adaptation of the body to the harsh conditions of the Arctic region associated with an increased muscle load. When analyzing the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene, the observed patterns with the level of creativity turned out to be less clear, although the servicemen with the DD genotype of this gene showed a minimum level of creativity, which corresponds to the general idea of it as a weaker genotype in terms of the level of general body metabolism and the ability to be active. The characteristics of the creativity in genotypes II and ID of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene were statistically uncertain. The good tightness of the correlation of creativity with the Val/Val genotype of the neurotrophic factor gene, as well as the RR genotype of the alpha-actinin-3 gene, may indicate the advisability of including military personnel planned to be sent to the Arctic region in the examination plan to determine the level of creativity. This will optimize the process of selecting servicemen for service in the Arctic region, and prevent the development of maladjustment disorders, excluding persons with a low adaptive potential.
Considering the remoteness of the Arctic region, its harsh climatic and geographical characteristics, complex sanitary and epidemiological situation, and peculiarities of a military labor, circulatory system pathologies are expected to significantly contribute to the morbidity structure of the personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the Arctic region. A comparative analysis of the occurrence of cardiovascular risk predictors such as: dyslipidemia, tobacco smoking, high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, negative psychosocial factors, poor diet, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, individual signs of atherosclerosis, and circulatory system diseases in the servicemen of the Arctic region, and temperate climate was performed. The results of the analysis revealed that military service in the climatic and geographic conditions of the Arctic zone is associated with a higher prevalence of the negative psychosocial factors, diet disorders, bad habits, and an arterial hypertension. Negative psychosocial factors included: stress, increased anxiety, and the depression, which are explained by the remoteness and limited communication in the Arctic region and the mainland, poor prospects for the professional career growth and high-quality training of the family members, monotony, and low availability of the leisure activities. The higher prevalence of an arterial hypertension among the arctic servicemen was caused by the newly diagnosed arterial hypertension and a history of arterial hypertension. In a significant proportion of arctic servicemen, low-density lipoprotein values exceed the target values, which ensure the prevention of the atherosclerosis and its complications. This may contribute to the development of the hypertension and coronary heart disease, and requires a more careful selection of servicemen in the Arctic region with mandatory in-depth examinations of the circulatory systems and metabolism, including the electrocardiography, echocardiography, treadmill test, ultrasonography of the brachiocephalic arteries with the determination of the thickness of the intimamedia complex, sphygmomanometer, and determination of the rigidity and biological age of the blood vessels, lipid profiling, and fasting glycemia.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.