Introduction. The article examines the problem of adaptation to the new educational environment and pedagogical support for first-year university students. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the body composition, nutrition and biochemical parameters of blood plasma of first-year students who are adapting to living in a university dormitory. Materials and Methods. The methods of empirical research of physical development (length, weight, body mass index), body component composition (total fat content, muscle component), nutrition structure (macronutrient composition and caloric content of the daily diet), biochemical analysis of blood plasma (plasma content of triglycerides, cholesterol, low-and high-density lipoproteins, glucose), as well as statistical methods of data comparison were used. Results. The body length of males (175.4 cm), in contrast to females (162 cm) aged between 18 and 19 years is not a definitive indicator and can increase during 2 or 3 years. The percentage of overweight and obesity among first-year students was 16.1%; total fat content exceeding the limit values was found in 35.5% of females and 6.7% of males, and insufficient fat content was found only in 10% of males. The muscle component, both in girls and boys, corresponded to the indicators of the norm. The actual nutrition of first-year students living in a university dormitory was characterized by a lack of calories, fats, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, and insufficient consumption of carbohydrates, including dietary fibers. This deficiency was more pronounced among females, who also had a deficit in the consumption of proteins, especially of animal origin. The biochemical parameters of the blood plasma of all students did not exceed the normal limits, except for the values of high-density lipoproteins. The percentage of students with low values of high-density lipoproteins was 8.3%. The content of CCS in the blood plasma was inversely proportional to the caloric content of the diet and the amount of fat consumed. The predisposition to disorders of lipid metabolism in first-year students living in a university dormitory was due to insufficient replenishment of the body's energy expenditure and an unbalanced diet. Conclusions. Early adulthood is characterized by the formation of a definitive level and the predominance of assimilation processes, so the issues of healthy nutrition, especially in the conditions of a high rhythm of students’ life, insufficient replenishment of energy consumption and unbalanced consumption of nutrients, are relevant and require attention from the group leaders for first-year students. Pedagogical support of first-year students should contain methods and techniques aimed at promoting healthy nutrition and financial literacy.
The article contains a theoretical study of the problem of the children’ health status and atmospheric air under conditions of increasing traffic load. The children’s body is highly sensitive to the effects of unfavorable environmental factors, susceptible to the pathogenic effects of even subthreshold concentrations of harmful substances, which makes it possible to consider it as a kind of indicator of the state of the environment. The deterioration of the environmental state of the air of Gorno-Altaysk is associated with an increasing traffic load, solid fuel stationary sources, and transboundary pollution coming from the neighboring regions, as well as the location of the city in a mountain valley with poor natural weathering of the air basin. A comprehensive analysis of the health status of the child population in the region (depending on the degree of air pollution) is also conducted.
Problem and Aim. When socializing first-year students for independent living, there are difficulties in planning financial expenses, including for rational food, which often leads to its violation. The purpose of the article is to assess the actual nutrition of first-year students adapting to living in a dormity, and to propose a methodology for calculating the budget of students to solve their social and daily issues. Methodology. The work uses methods of empirical research of actual nutrition (macronutrient composition of daily diet), statistical and comparative methods of analysis. Results. The actual nutrition of first-year students living in the dormitory is characterized by a shortage of consumed calories, fats, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, and insufficient consumption of carbohydrates, including dietary fibers. This insufficiency is more pronounced among girls who also have deficient protein intake, especially of animal origin. A methodology for calculating the budget of students is proposed, which will help them determine the costs of basic necessities, including for full nutrition, and develop skills in compiling a daily food diet taking into account the needs of the body. Conclusion. The actual nutrition of freshmen living in the dormitory is characterized by a shortage of calories, fats and carbohydrates consumed, which is more pronounced among girls who also have a deficiency in protein consumption. A methodology for calculating the budgeting of students’ expenses has been proposed, which will allow them to improve the food structure.
The beginning of children’s school education is a potential risk of morphofunctional and psycho-physiological disorders in the body because of the significant reduction in daily physical activity, the change in day regimen, emotional and intellectual stress, which are often inadequate for the age-related psycho-physiological capabilities of schoolchildren. In this paper, we analyzed the literature on the development of modern children of primary school age according to the results of the assessment of morphological, functional and mental indicators. The identification of a general trend in the development of primary school-aged children is necessary for determination and development of health-saving programs to implement in the system of modern education. A review of data on the development of younger school children over the past 20 years shows an increase in the number of children with digressions in physical development, deterioration in physical fitness, delay of biological age from actual age, stress of the cardiovascular system, decrease in lung capacity and muscle strength. This pattern is manifested regardless of the region of residence and the nationality of children. There is an increase in the number of children with learning difficulties. Among the reasons for these changes, researchers highlight the complexity of the educational program, physical inactivity, the delay of physical development and, at the same time, medical and social successes of the state, allowing preserving the life of newborns even with somatic and neurological abnormalities. In connection with the identified trend of development of modern primary school children, the measures are needed to optimize children’s learning activities by the following criteria: level of physical activity, intensity of intellectual loads, rest mode.
Проблема и цель.Социально-психологическая адаптация первоклассников к образовательному процессу и успешность обучения существенно зависят от индивидуально-типологических характеристик обучающихся и комплекса средовых (семейных и школьных) факторов. Значительно меньше изучено влияние этнонациональных особенностей первоклассников на процессы адаптации к обучению. Цель исследования: выявить гендерные и этнонациональные особенности физического и психофункционального развития обучающихся первого класса Горного Алтая.Методология. В работе использованы методы эмпирического исследования физического развития (тотальные размеры тела), нейрофизиологических (объем механической, смысловой и образной памяти, скорость зрительно-моторных реакций), психоэмоциональных характеристик обучающихся (уровень самооценки и агрессивности), а также статистические, сравнительные и интегральные методы сопоставления морфологического и психофункционального развития первоклассников в зависимости от национальности и пола.Результаты. На основе морфологических показателей (длины, массы тела и окружности грудной клетки) и морфокинетического их синтеза установлено, что русские дети имели более Сидоров Сергей Сергеевичстарший преподаватель кафедры физического воспитания и спорта, физиологии и безопасности жизнедеятельности, Горно-Алтайский государственный университет. Чанчаева Елена Анатольевнадоктор биологических наук, профессор кафедры физического воспитания и спорта, физиологии и безопасности жизнедеятельности, Горно-Алтайский государственный университет. Талпа Кирилл Васильевичассистент кафедры физического воспитания и спорта, физиологии и безопасности жизнедеятельности, Горно-Алтайский государственный университет. Мищенко Екатерина Витальевнастарший преподаватель кафедры педагогики, психологии и социальной работы, Горно-Алтайский государственный университет. Айзман Роман Иделевичдоктор биологических наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, заведующий кафедрой анатомии, физиологии и безопасности жизнедеятельности, Новосибирский государственный педагогический университет; главный научный сотрудник, Новосибирский научно-исследовательский институт гигиены.
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