Abstract. In the absence of an effective technological possibility for the storage of electricity in industrial volumes, consumption and production of electrical energy are carried out simultaneously. The ability to generate cover the unevenness of the daily schedule of consumption provides a balance of power system parts, leads to the minimization of network infrastructure costs. This article represents the analysis of the results for balancing certain parts of the UPS Russia, based on the methodological approach described below. Volume of "basic" electrical energy consumption specifies requirements for the structure of generating capacity. Reducing the share of "basic" consumers, including by the construction of its own "base" generation, leads either to an increase in the depth of discharge of generating capacities in the power system, or to the necessary shutdowns of generating equipment at night. Performed calculations showed non-optimal placement of the "base" generation in the Russian Federation. The proposed method allows you to determine the presence and absence of the adjustment range in the power system as a whole or in its individual parts, avoid errors in the placement of generating capacity in the Russian Federation, including nuclear power plants, heat supply units, "green" generation, optimize the cost for the construction of the network infrastructure.
Given the climatic and geographical conditions of the Russian Federation, the development of cogeneration should become the main line of measures aimed at increasing the energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the country. However, the implementation of programs for development of renewable energy sources (RES) and nuclear power plants (NPP) entails risks of decreasing the amount of combined generation of electricity and heat by combined heat and power plants (CHPP) in the daily load curve base part. The current state of the wholesale market of electric power is characterized by critical conditions for the existing CHPPs in the first price zone of the wholesale market. The electric power cost formed from competitive power bid (CPB) results is such that the incomes earned by heat generating facilities are insufficient for fully covering the costs of their overhauls and modernization of their equipment. The “old” heat generation facilities, including CHPPs, subsidize the development of combined cycle power plants (CCPPs), RES, hydroelectric power plants (HPPs), and NPPs. The Russian Federation energy system development projects must be elaborated taking into account the results from a multivariate analysis of operational, technical, technological, economic, environmental, and social aspects. The heat supply schemes for cities and municipalities are developed subject to ensuring the preset level of reliability with minimizing its cost for the end customer. The minimum cost of heat supply can only be achieved for the optimal structure of heat and electricity generation capacities. This structure must incorporate equipment able to operate in the base, semi-peak, and peak parts of the daily electric load curve, and provide a power margin for passing seasonal maximums in the consumption of electricity and heat. The main milestones of the establishment and evolution of the energy system of Russia are considered. The main trends are shown along with the problems that have arisen in the operation of cogeneration power facilities in connection with the influence of new energy sources. The experience gained in leading foreign countries that have introduced RES is analyzed, and the influence of these sources on the power system balance is studied. The prospects of using combined electricity and heat generating facilities represented by highly maneuverable small- and medium-capacity gas turbine-based CHPPs in the semi-peak and peak parts of the daily electric load curve are analyzed.
Further development of the Russian energy sector involves the use of the best available technologies. An important issue is the identification of bats. Increasing the fuel efficiency of power plants is carried out by increasing the unit capacity of generating equipment, increasing the parameters of the working medium to supercritical and super-supercritical. Unfortunately, when forming the list of bats, performance indicators are not always taken into account in real operating modes of the equipment. The calculations have shown that combined production of PTU-CHP plant with subcritical parameters of the working body on the basis of steam turbines of the type P, T and PT given the mandatory process releases steam into the condenser and the gas turbine CHP based on gas turbines of a small capacity has the best specific fuel consumption for generation of electric energy and heat compared to the separate generation of the best available technologies (BAT).
The development of cogeneration has been recognized as a priority line of measures aimed at more efficient combating climate change. Given the climatic and geographical features, this is one of the main methods for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the Russian Federation. Development of the Russian Federation's energy sector is based on using the best available technologies (BAT). The Russian Federation Government’s Decree No. 398-R of March 19, 2014 defined "a set of measures aimed at doing away with outdated and inefficient technologies, switching to the principles of the best available technologies and introducing modern technologies". In making strategic decisions about the target structure of generating capacities in the energy system of Russia, it is necessary to correctly compare the efficiency with which electricity and heat are obtained from sources of their combined and separate generation. In so doing, the same list of goods and services provided by the sources of electricity and heat for the same electrical and thermal loading modes of generating equipment should be taken into account. Cross-subsidization distorts the competitiveness indicators of combined generation in both the wholesale and retail markets. Currently, for the purposes of drawing up state statistical reports on the fuel efficiency with which electricity and heat are produced and distributed, the physical method and the Firm ORGRES method are used. An analysis of combined heat and power plants (CHPPs) carried out using the physical method shows that CHPPs are less competitive in the heat market, whereas their analysis carried out using the Firm ORGRES method shows that they are less competitive in the electricity market. None of these methods should be used in making strategic decisions on shaping the structure of generating capacities for supplying electricity and heat supply to consumers, as they give insufficiently correct results. CHPP operation in the cogeneration mode is in the interests of the electric power and heat power systems. CHPP operation in the condensing mode is performed by commands of the system operator to support the required electric modes in the country’s electric power system. The developed method of separating fuel consumption between the production of electricity and heat eliminates cross-subsidizing, which distorts the initial information when making strategic decisions. Calculations have shown that combined generation of electricity and heat at CHPPs equipped with R-, T-, and PT-type steam turbines with the mandatory process steam discharges into the condenser has the best specific fuel consumption indicators in generating electricity and heat in comparison with the modern technologies for their separate production during operation in the daily load curve base part. The highly maneuverable gas turbine based CHPP presented in the article features a higher fuel heat utilization coefficient in comparison with the modern technologies for separate production of electricity and heat during operation in the daily electric load curve peaking part.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.