Обосновывается значимость развития интеграции стран Евразийского экономического союза (ЕАЭС) в сфере образования как условия и драйвера экономической интеграции, рассматриваются причины отказа включить сферу образования в качестве предмета Договора о ЕАЭС 2014 г., анализируется содержание российских инициатив о создании Евразийского сетевого университета и Консультативного совета в сфере высшего образования как механизмов образовательного сотрудничества стран ЕАЭС вне рамок Договора о ЕАЭС, формулируются оценки и рекомендации в отношении возможных шагов с российской стороны по развитию сотрудничества в сфере высшего образования в рамках ЕАЭС. Ключевые слова: Евразийский экономический союз; Россия; Казахстан; высшее образование; Евразийский сетевой университет.
В статье сравниваются актуальные показатели торгово-экономических связей России и Казахстана с Республикой Корея; рассматриваются экспертные рекомендации 2013 г. в отношении заключения соглашений о зоне свободной торговли товарами между Евразийским экономическим союзом и третьими странами, практика выработки подоб ных соглашений на протяжении периода с 2015 г. по сентябрь 2018 г.; анализируются процесс становления отношений между ЕАЭС и Респуб ликой Корея, причины «заморозки» переговоров о ЗСТ между ЕАЭС и Республикой Корея. Ключевые слова: Россия; Казахстан; Евразийский экономический союз; Республика Корея; соглашение о зоне свободной торговли.
The objective of the research is to determine the role of China in ensuring the priorities of higher education internationalization in Uzbekistan at the present stage of reforms carried out under President Shavkat Mirziyoyev since 2016. While preparing the paper, the authors used legislation and materials from official websites of Uzbek and Chinese state bodies, universities and other organizations, statistics from international organizations, and materials from news agencies. The paper discusses the current policy priorities of the internationalization of higher education in China; analyzes the state of higher education cooperation between Uzbekistan and China under the President of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov (until 2016); studies the directions and results of the development of cooperation between Uzbekistan and China in higher education since 2016 under President Mirziyoev. The research reached the following conclusions. Current priorities of China's internationalization of higher education include: (1) involving foreign educational resources in teaching in China; (2) opening branches of Chinese universities abroad; (3) promoting the mobility of teachers and students. The second and third priorities are relevant to Tashkent, which since 2016 has been pursuing a policy of a “total” internationalization of higher education in Uzbekistan. Regarding the opening of branches of Chinese universities, the Ministry of Education of the PRC recommends choosing countries with large market demand, a high degree of openness and quality of higher education. The need to provide education for children of overseas offices of Chinese organizations and for Chinese people living abroad is also considered to be of importance. Mobility includes both sending researchers and students to study abroad and attracting talented foreign researchers and students to study and work in China. Uzbekistan, as a close neighbor of China in Central Asia, a participant in the Belt and Road Initiative, and a developing country, is subject to various mobility support programs funded by China. Until 2016, the main areas of cooperation between China and Uzbekistan in higher education were the study of Uzbek students in Chinese universities and the study of the Chinese language in Uzbekistan. Since 2016, despite the policy of openness of the new authorities of Uzbekistan and the sharp growth of economic ties between Tashkent and Beijing, higher education cooperation between the countries has received little development. This is evidenced by the absence of branches of Chinese universities in Uzbekistan, as well as extremely limited number of joint programs between Chinese and Uzbek universities, of mobility to China at the expense of the Uzbek El-Yurt Umidi Foundation, and of Chinese students studying in Uzbekistan.
Introduction. The article focuses on reconstructing the major parameters of the complex of challenges and threats to post-Soviet Central Asia regional security that has emerged in the wake of or in direct connection with the radical change of the situation in Afghanistan after August 2021. These challenges and threats have developed across several functional and territorial dimensions and require a comprehensive analysis followed by the building of scenarios for their evolution. Methods and materials. The research relies on the regional security complex theory developed by Barry Buzan and Ole Waever. The methodological toolkit includes external indirect observation, political descriptive and historical genetic methods, scenario building. The research materials include official statements, news briefs, expert opinions, periodicals, academic papers. Analysis. The authors have analyzed the geostrategic, regional-strategic, regional-economic, and regional-societal dimensions of the challenges and threats to Central Asian regional security generated by the changes in Afghanistan and have built scenarios of their evolution. The major geostrategic challenge is the exacerbation of U.S. – Chinese contradictions centered on the influence of the Taliban factions. The key regional-strategic threat is the risk of the Afghan conflict spilling over into Tajikistan or Turkmenistan. The regional-economic challenges include the risks of blocking trans-Afghan transport, pipeline, and electricity transmission projects. The regional-societal risks consist of the dissemination of radical Islamist ideologies from Afghanistan throughout Central Asia. The two basic scenarios of the regional security evolution are inertia or a resumption of a full-scale civil war in Afghanistan. Results. The authors have worked out sets of recommendations for regional policymakers and the intergovernmental bodies whose functions include maintaining security and stability in Central Asia. Authors’ contribution. A.E. Dzhorobekova has developed the general concept of the article and organized the research. E.F. Troitskiy has focused on the analysis of threats and challenges to regional security. S.M. Yun has developed scenarios for regional security situations. A.G. Timoshenko has formulated the relevant recommendations.
Анализируются потенциальные направления развития торгово-экономического сотрудничества Индии и России с учетом влияния ограничений санкционных режимов в отношениях России с Евросоюзом и Турцией. В частности, рассматриваются вопросы поставок в Россию индийского продовольствия, расширения сотрудничества в сферах туризма, экспорта энергоресурсов, торговли алмазами, культуры и образования. Отдельно рассматривается вопрос заключения соглашения о зоне свободной торговли между Индией и Евразийским экономическим союзом. Ключевые слова: Индия; Россия; Евразийский экономический союз; торговля; зона свободной торговли.
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