Abstract. The article represents some personal considerations on development of applied linguistics in this country for over fifty years. The author notes that the status of applied linguistics hasn't been clearly defined yet, which might explain some indistinct character of its reference points, issues in revealing directions of development in the fields of scientific research and professional education, and the possibility for revealing its connection with various extra-linguistic types of activity. It is shown that the applied linguistics generates changing in time multidirectional sets of linguistic-and-technological actions. They reflects wide-ranged possibilities of linguistics as a science in cooperating with various scientific and practical ways of human activity, in creating intersubject domains that might correspond with society evolution and its everyday practice. The general regularities and connections of applied linguistics with other branches of linguistics are considered. The author gives his assessment on substantial development of applied linguistics in connection to removability of urgent social tasks and launching new technological and programmed instrumental tools introduced into practice; offers to consider the level of activity and changing specificity of social requirements, while evaluating the status of applied linguistics. It is concluded that the intensity of applied tools and the directions of internal changes of applied linguistics are connected with both public requirements and the development of technological capabilities of society.Key words: Applied linguistics, semantic instability of the term "applied linguistics", classes of linguistic tasks, linguistic reflections of society's development, continuity of linguistics' problems content, the nonlinear nature of the substantial of linguistics' development. Аннотация. В статье представлены результаты авторской оценки развития прикладной лингвистики в нашей стране на протяжении полувека (с 60-х гг. XX в. до настоящего времени). Анализ изменений в весьма расплывчатом содержании самого термина, именующего раздел лингвистики, заставляет находить некото-рые ориентиры, выявляющие направления развития и динамику содержания учебно-исследовательской дис-циплины, которая связывает языкознание с внеязыковыми видами деятельности. Показано, что прикладная лингвистика включает меняющиеся во времени, широкие по своему содержанию разнонаправленные сово-
The paper deals with external, extralinguistic conditions and rules which together with traditional linguistic regulators determine the content, form and structure of nonfiction texts as objects of analytical-andsynthetic and technical operations associated with the storage and current use of speech objects. It is shown that along with natural rules of the modern language, nonfiction texts are under the increasing influence of direct instructions and / or the derivatives from rules and requirements formulated beyond the speech regulation process, i.e. beyond linguistics. The external regulating actions not only determine the form and content of communicative means, but also change the general composition and sense of applied linguistics' tasks. Substantial and methodological changes of applied linguistics' interests depending on such factors as changes of the legal, social and economic environment are shown. Development of the factors mentioned above, is the basis for the rules which implementation demands the change of steady used speech-building principles; in some cases changes have ambiguous character if to look at them from the viewpoint of communicative traditions realized in the speech. The research of similar situations by the means of applied linguistics' methods and receptions taking the opportunity of high methodological mobility and confirmed effectiveness of natural-science and engineering resources' attraction has both exceptional sense and forecasting prospect.
It has been recently acute to develop research methods applying to cases of insult, slander, degrading and impairment of dignity.Their peculiarity consists in different degrees and forms of linguistic manifestations, in fundamental differences regarding methodological foundations and instrumental approaches. The solution of expert tasks, as practices show, largely depends on the set of qualities of the question or questions posed to the linguist, on the communicative features and volume of the material under study, and on the scope of linguistic tools mastered by the linguist. It is noted that even for routine types of research, the specificity of regulatory grounds related to understanding the linguistic essence of events is fundamental. For the insult such grounds are connected with the possibility to establish the addressee of the utterance; for slander – parameters of a statement; for degrading and impairment of a person's dignity – the dissemination of negative information in the form of qualifying statements.
Доктор филологических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры русского языка и документалистики, Волгоградский государственный университет sp_kushneruk@mail.ru, iryas@volsu.ru просп. Университетский, 100, 400062 г. Волгоград, Российская Федерация Тюрикова Наталия Анатольевна Кандидат филологических наук, ассистент кафедры русского языка и документалистики, Волгоградский государственный университет tyurikova_na@hotmail.com, iryas@volsu.ru просп. Университетский, 100, 400062 г. Волгоград, Российская Федерация Аннотация. Состав единиц терминологического стандарта отражает сложную систему изменений, происходящих в терминологии предметной области, а также скорость и векторы развития понятийно-терминологического аппарата исследуемой предметной области. Лингвистический анализ стандартов на термины и определения (ГОСТ Р 7.0.8-2013, ГОСТ Р 51141-98 и проекта ГОСТ Р 7.0-2013) в сравнительносопоставительном аспекте позволил установить качественные и количественные изменения формы и содержания зафиксированных нормированных терминологических единиц. Предметная область «Делопроизводство и архивное дело» имеет относительно высокий темп развития, что проявляется в формально-семантической неоднородности словника, входящего в стандарт. Это порождает отдельные сложности, проявляющиеся в неоднозначности логико-смысловых отношений, терминологической полисемии и неустойчивости дефиниций. Количественные изменения в словниках стандартов отражают как усложнение понятийной структуры отрасли, так и расширение круга единиц, введение которых в стандарт становится необходимым. Качественные изменения в составе терминов отражают степень содержательной дифференциации предметной ДИСКУССИИ ISSN 1998-9911. Вестн. Волгогр. гос. ун-та. Сер. 2, Языкозн. 2015. № 1 (25) С.П. Кушнерук, Н.А. Тюрикова. Динамика терминологии и ее отражение в терминологических стандартахAbstract. The content of the terminological standard units reflects the complex system of changes taking place in the terminological system of the Records Management and Archiving subject field, as well as the speed and directions of the conceptual and terminological apparatus. The comparative linguistic analysis of terms and definitions of the new standards (GOST R 7.0.8-2013, GOST R 51141-98 and the project GOST R 7.0-2013) allowed revealing the qualitative and quantitative changes in the form and content of the registered terminological units. The Records Management and Archiving subject field is characterized by high-speed rate of development that is manifested in the formal and semantic heterogeneity of the standard glossary. This fact generates the additional difficulties connected with the ambiguity of logical and semantic relations, terminological polysemantic properties and the instability of definitions. The quantitative changes in the glossaries reflect both the complication of conceptual structure of the domain, and the expansion of the units' range, the introduction of which into the standard becomes necessary. The qualitative changes in the terms' parameters reflect both the extent of s...
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