The article deals with the philosophical foundations of the theory and practice of creating Cosmic Humanity. It suggests a new idea, concept and technology of organizing cosmic communities, i.e. communities of people aspiring to space, striving to explore space, to fly and live beyond the Earth: the Cosmic Union of communities for the implementation of the superglobal project to create Cosmic Humanity. The methodological, social and technological aspects of the evolution of cosmic communities are described. The options, ways, models and projects of the institutionalization of such communities in the process of space exploration, as well as the creation of Cosmic Humanity are systematized. A brief analysis of the history and experience gained during the Space Age and the Space Revolution is made using the examples of the two types of Cosmic Humanity: (1) the global astronaut community (1959-2018) and (2) the Asgardian community-a megaproject of the first space state created in the cosmopolitan paradigm form of constitutional monarchy based on digital technology (2016-2018). A new powerful stream of people aspiring into space (more than 1 million people) has arisen and is growing. The problems and features of the transition process during the creation of Cosmic Humanity are shown. A general assessment of the potential and problems of applying new technologies is given. The features and risks associated with changes in the position and status of man in new cosmic communities and Cosmic Humanity, taking into account technical development and transformations in the process of space exploration, are highlighted. An "ultimate" hypothesis of the evolution of man, mankind and Cosmic Humanity was suggested. The main conclusions and recommendations are formulated.
The article discusses the philosophical, legal, historical, and technological aspects of the space state, provides definitions, presents classifications, models, suggests examples, and makes forecasts. The general classification of participants in space activities for the purpose of survival and development, as well as the universal classification of space states have been developed. The definitions of space states are given, criteria for classifying space states into different levels and types are proposed, considering the areas and scope of space activities, and their various forms are shown. The prospects and limitations of the space states, their philosophical and technological aspects, including those in the new era of international cooperation, taking into account the possibilities of creating the World Cosmic Union, are briefly reviewed, as well as the futurological aspect of a universal space state is considered.
In the XXI century the problem of the exploration of the Moon is relevant for the space activities of the world community and in Russia. The history and periodization of research and exploration of the Moon are briefl y considered. A general model of exploration of the Moon is represented. A general superglobal project "The Exploration of the Moon" covering the whole set of projects is proposed. Examples of environmentally friendly and clean technologies and projects are classifi ed and described. The main conclusions and recommendations are formulated.
I Research materials devoted to the environmental aspects of the history of technology are published in respect of a new scientific direction-the study of environmentally friendly aerospace technologies and projects. The research is aimed at the ecologization of aerospace activity in Russia and worldwide. The methodology of research is highlighted. On the basis of practice analysis the periodization of the history of ecological technologies and projects in aeronautics and cosmonautics for the period of ~ 100 years is given. Brief history of environmentally friendly aerospace technologies and projects of the XXth and XXIth centuries is represented by a number of important examples covering personalities, their ideas, projects, descriptions and illustrations. Key conclusions, results and recommendations are formulated.
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