The continental shelf offshore of the Ukraine coast represents one of the largest areas of submerged landscape in the Black Sea, comparable to the extensive shelf areas of Northwest Europe. The general region has a long history of Palaeolithic occupation and numerous archaeological sites associated with the major river systems draining from the north, including many famous Palaeolithic settlements. The submerged landscape exposed during periods of low sea level would have offered an extensive and attractive extra increment of land. Underwater archaeological survey in the Black Sea has so far failed to produce convincing evidence of pre-Holocene sites, but the expectation that the Ukrainian shelf harbours Late Upper Palaeolithic sites is strengthened by the presence of occasional flint artefacts in sediment cores recovered from the shelf area during geological surveys. This chapter develops a predictive model for identifying target areas in the search for Late Palaeolithic sites on this submerged landscape. We focus on the Dniester-Kuyalnik region and analyse the location and distribution of on-land Late Palaeolithic sites in relation to the topographic and palaeoenvironmental features of their local surroundings to identify key determinants of site location. We then use the maps produced by the many hundreds of sediment sequences recovered by drilling and coring on the shelf, many radiometrically dated, to identify similar features on the submerged landscape. We also assess the likelihood of site preservation and visibility under different scenarios-rapid or gradual-of sea-level rise. A preliminary test of the model was attempted with remotely operated vehicles, video and acoustic equipment, but was terminated prematurely by logistic problems, and further investigation awaits improved funding.
В данной работе рассматривается связь между распределением мейобентоса и концентрациями углеводородных газов. На основании сопряженного анализа аби отических (физико химические параметры водной толщи, геохимические, лито логические, минералогические свойства донных отложений) и биотических (ко личественный и таксономический состав фораминифер, нематод, остракод) параметров сделан вывод о возможности использования мейобентоса в качестве поискового признака скоплений углеводородных газов и, в первую очередь, метана в донных отложениях северо западной части Черного моря. Ключевые слова: мейобентос, донные отложения, Черное море, екосистема, фо раминиферы. Введение В водах Черного моря растворено порядка 80 млрд м 3 метана, не смотря на полный цикл обновления воды каждые 400-2000 лет. Это свидетельствует о мощном постоянном подтоке углеводород ных газов (УВГ), а значит-наличии их резервуаров под морским дном [26]. Вертикальная миграции УВГ осуществляется по текто ническим нарушениям, которые формируют ослабленные зоны в осадочном чехле [2, 79, 80] и выполняют роль «дымоходов», или «вентиляционных шахт». По ним УВГ (и другие флюиды, напрмер H 2 S, CO 2) поднимаются к поверхности, насыщая донные отложе ния [27, 31, 36]. Газометрическая съемка УВГ, основы которой были
Problem Statement and Purpose. The results of lithological studies, including granulometric analysis, are needed to identify the conditions of sedimentation and distribution of rock fragments by size. They are an indicator of the sedimentation processes dynamic structure peculiarities. The study of the sediment regime is important for the development of measures related to the protection of shores from erosion. The aim of the work is to identify the lithological features of the bottom sediment types distribution on the protected section of the Odessa coast near Cape Maly Fontan. Data & Methods. The materials for this work were obtained in the field research in the summer 2019 in the coastal zone between the hydrobiological station of Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University, and Cape Malyj Fountain. Three measuring profiles were made perpendicular to the shoreline at 1200 m towards the sea to a depth of 18 m. 35 samples were taken from the upper layer of bottom sediments. Field samples processing was performed in the Problem Research Laboratory of Engineering Geology of the Sea Coast, Reservoirs and Mountain Slopes of Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University. Granulometric classification was performed. Excel, Statistica, Golden Software Surfer programs were used to process the results. Results. Underwater relief analysis showed that the coastal part is an abrasive terrace, on which ancient landslides relics are widespread. There are 7 main lithological types of bottom sediments detected. The largest areas covered by fine-grained loamy sands and shell detritus with gravel, pebbles and sand. Analysis of distribution curves and cumulative curves of granulometric distribution showed that coarse sediments are characterized by multi-vertex distribution curves and stepwise stretched cumulative curves, which indicates the heterogeneity of sediments in granulometric distribution. For fine-grained material, which is well sorted, the distribution curves are almost single-vertex, and the cumulative curves have a large steepness and a simple, non-stepped shape. There are three hydrodynamic detected in bottom sediments lithology according on statistical parameters of grain size. Outer marine part with depth more than 15 meters characterized by low hydrodynamic processes and presented by good-sorted sands and silt. The central part of polygon in 4–15 meters depth covered by shell detritus with gravel and pebble of carbonate rocks and connected with rocky extrusions after coastal landslides. The feature of this part is active hydrodynamic processes. The rocky extrusions presented like natural breakwater and due to waves braking and collection of different types of sediments. The coastal part in 2–4 m depth in front of constructed breakwater leads to decreasing of wave energy and sedimentation of good-sorted sands.
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