The aim of this research was to study the effect of the stand composition on the density of pine and spruce wood growing on former arable lands. Sample areas are located in mixed mature pine-and spruce-prevailing stands in Leningrad region, Russia. For the reliable determination of the basic density of spruce and pine wood, selection of model trees was carried out and cores were taken. Based on the data obtained from stems of 36 model trees from 3 sample plots, conversion equations were calculated to determine the basic density of wood. The measurements of the spruce and pine wood density were processed using variational statistics. The results have shown that the pine forms a more homogeneous wood than the spruce. On former arable lands, spruce has a denser wood than pine under the same growth conditions. The stand composition has a significant effect on the density of spruce rather than pine.
The objective of this study is to assess the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of pine (Pinus sylvestris) and spruce (Picea abies) stands growing on lands that were previously in agricultural use in the Leningrad region. Sample areas of mature mixed pine-and-spruce prevailing stands were studied. The taxation has revealed that the average height and diameter of the stands under study are greater than those in mixed modal stands of these species on forest lands. The analysis of the results of the study was performed by dispersion, correlation and ranking methods. To determine the competitive relationship between species, the coefficients of skewness, and kurtosis were calculated. For coniferous stands growing on former arable lands, the distribution of diameter classes for pine and spruce differ depending on the prevalence of species. The predominance of one of the coniferous species in the stands leads to an aggravation of competition, which manifests itself in positive coefficients of asymmetry. The skewness indicators and the kurtosis of tree trunks distribution clearly demonstrate the strengthening and weakening of competitive relationships in the stand. Competitive relationships between species are more balanced in stand compositions that include more than half of spruce and about 40% of pine, which results in the largest volume of stemwood. A more powerful root zone of trees in the former arable soil allows mixed stands of spruce and pine to produce a larger volume of wood than in pure stands of pine and spruce for the investigated region.
Growing spruce and pine wood on land being out of active agricultural use is important for many European regions. The study of the qualitative characteristics of coniferous wood makes it possible to predict target indicators of the obtained raw materials. The influence of xylem structural elements on the density of spruce pine wood on the postagrogenic lands of the boreal zone of Russia was studied. The objects of the research were spruce-pine stands growing on old arable land in the Gatchina district of the Leningrad region. Depending on the share of the species, various anatomical indicators of the macro-structure of wood influence the formation of the spruce and pine wood density. For the spruce part of the forest stand, the width of the annual increase makes a greater contribution to the formation of indicators of wood density. For the pine part of the forest stand, the density of the wood correlates with the proportion of late xylem. With a different proportion of the species, the influence of macro-structural elements on the density of wood changes. Conducted analysis of variance showed a significant effect of the forest stand composition on the anatomical macro-structure of spruce and pinewood.
A study was carried out at the plantations of the genus Populus in the Leningrad Region, formed on lands previously used in agriculture, on soils underlain by carbonate rocks. It is noted that in the studied stands, stem phytomass is produced, exceeding the natural aspen forests in the studied area. Minor damage by stem rot is noted only in the fragrant poplar forest. An increase in the initial density of forests increases the density of poplar wood, but reduces the total stock of the stand and stem phytomass. The conducted studies have shown the promise of growingFirst sections in your paper.
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