The aim of the review is to analyze the available literature data on the effect of inhalation anesthetics on inflammation. Inflammation is the most important protective and adaptive, genetically determined process that occurs in response to damage or the action of a pathogenic factor, such as bacteria, fungi and viruses. This protective reaction is based on the activation of immune cells (neutrophilic granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages) with subsequent release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of the nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-kB), which causes the expression of inflammation genes and, as a result, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The analysis of the results of experimental and clinical studies on this topic showed that inhalation anesthetics such as isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane have a powerful anti-inflammatory effect. The analysis of the results of experimental and clinical studies on this topic showed that inhalation anesthetics, and primarily sevoflurane, have a powerful anti-inflammatory effect. The anti-inflammatory effect of inhalation anesthetics is multifactorial. Experimental studies have shown that inhalation anesthetics reduce the production of reactive oxygen species. Inhalation anesthetics also block the activation of the main trigger of inflammation, namely NF-kB, and reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Inhalation anesthetics also block the activation of the main trigger of inflammation, namely NF-kB. In addition to the anti-inflammatory effect, inhalation anesthetics are characterized by an antiviral effect. Serious clinical studies are needed to explore the possibility of using inhalational anesthetics to block the inflammatory response.
The results of the experimental study and the first results of the clinical use of krypton gas as a propulsive mass for inert-gas-enhanced monopolar plasma coagulation are discussed. A number of materials on preclinical testing of the original method of gas-plasma monopolar coagulation, obtained as a result of chronic experiments on pigs, are given. In the course of chronic experiments, standardized wounds were applied to the pig's liver, hemostasis and cholestasis were performed using gas-plasma monopolar coagulation using various inert gases and their mixtures used as propulsive mass. Interventions, sections of the liver parenchyma were subjected to gas-plasma exposure for various periods - from the first to the thirtieth days from the moment of exposure. The collected material was subjected to a morphological study, according to the results of analysis of which the nature of the course of the wound process was evaluated, the peculiarities of the morphological changes of the liver parenchyma at different time periods depending on the composition of the gas or gas mixture used as a propulsive mass. The results of the clinical use of krypton gas as a propulsive mass for gas-plasma coagulation are presented for the first time. The results of the use of kryptonoplasmic coagulation for hemostasis during laparoscopic cholecystectomy are considered. A comparative analysis of the nearest results of gas-plasma coagulation was performed in two groups of patients: using krypton and argon as the propulsive mass. For the first time, the issues of the possibility and experimental justification of using argot-krypton mixture as a propulsive mass for gas-plasma coagulation with the aim of reducing the cost of using this coagulation technique are considered.
BACKGROUND: Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by leukocytes can cause damage to intrinsic tissues. The pathogenesis of sepsis is based on an excessive inflammatory response of the body. Several studies have reported the inhibitory effect of lidocaine on neutrophilic granulocytes. AIM: This study aimed to analyze the effect of lidocaine on the oxidative activity of phagocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood from 16 healthy donors was used in this study. Leukocyte mass was extracted using spontaneous sedimentation. Half of the leukocyte samples were incubated in buffered physiological saline with lidocaine. The other half of the leukocyte samples were incubated in physiological saline without lidocaine. The generation of ROS was studied using two methods. Method 1 included a nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) test), which is based on the ability of ROS to reduce NBT to insoluble diformazan. Method 2 was based on the chemiluminescence reaction. A culture of S. Aureus was used to induce the production of ROS. RESULTS: NBT test revealed a decrease in the oxidative activity of leukocytes in the presence of lidocaine by 18% (p 0.05). The study of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of leukocyte suspension in the presence of lidocaine revealed a significant 2-fold decrease in both spontaneous and stimulated respiratory activity of cells. CONCLUSIONS: After incubation with lidocaine, phagocytes generated ROS to a significantly lower extent. However, their complete blockade was not recorded. This property of lidocaine may be used in clinical practice to treat an excessive inflammatory response in sepsis.
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