The article is devoted to the problem of identifying global trends in the development of robotic sprayers for crop processing. The author distinguishes three groups of spraying robots depending on the area of application. The first group is characterized by the use of technical vision and computer learning technologies for recognition and selective spraying of weeds, the use of spot treatment systems with a micro dose of chemicals, the development of robots with a certain level of versatility, which makes it possible to perform other field works in addition to spraying. The second group is characterized by the installation of high-performance spraying equipment, the use of universal spraying devices to ensure the processing of plants of various heights, the use of laser sensors, gyroscopes, wheel and steering sensors to adjust the movement of the robot in real time. The installation of deployed video surveillance systems on the robot to control movement machine and the quality of the work process is also feature of this group. The third group is characterized by a high degree of automation of all work processes, the installation of a wide range of additional equipment for monitoring the current state of plants and soil, air parameters and illumination.
The aim of the study is to develop an expert indicator that allows quantifying the environmental properties of knowledge-intensive machine-building products and considering on its basis the environmental aspects of the use of innovative agricultural machinery, taking into account world experience. The methodology provides for the quantification of each of the alternatives according to expert tables showing different levels of environmental impact of the production, use and disposal of the products. On the basis of the developed indicator, a comparative assessment of the competitiveness of 22 domestic and foreign self-propelled sprayers used in the Siberian region was carried out. Market leaders have been identified. The International Eco-Efficiency Index for 12 producing countries of selected sprayers has been investigated. A correlation-regression analysis of the environmental indicator was performed, which showed a rather high correlation of its values with the rank of the producing country at the specified index. The indicator of competitiveness of selected sprayers according to the set of technical characteristics is calculated. The correlation of the indicator “level of environmental impact” with the technical characteristics of the product was found to be less than EPI. The developed indicator and its analysis methodology are recommended for all types of innovative machine-building products at all stages of the life cycle.
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