Suppose that you are sitting at the writing table. In front of you there are books, text-books, pens, pencils, pieces of paper with some short notes, and a lot of other things. You need to do something, you have to organize your working place, and for this you will start moving the things around the table. There are no restrictions on moving all these things and there are no regulations on how they must be placed. You can put some items side by side or atop each other, you can put several books in an accurate pile, or you can move the bunch of small items to one side in a single movement and forget about them, because you do not need them at the moment. You do not need any instructions for the process of organizing your working place; you simply start putting the things in such an order, which is the best for you at this particular moment. Later, if something does not satisfy you or if you do not need some items in their places, you will move some of the items around and rearrange everything in whatever order you need without even paying attention to this process. You make your working place comfortable for your work at each moment and according to your wish.The majority of those who are going to read this text nearly forgot everything about paper, books, hand writing… A personal computer became the only instrument and the working place for millions of people. Screens of our computers are occupied with different programs; the area of each program is filled with many different objects. Whenever you need to do something, you start the needed program and in each of them you know exactly, what you want to do and what you can do. Did it ever come to your attention that in any program you know exactly the whole set of possible movements and actions? Have you ever understood that the set of allowed actions is extremely small and you try to do your work within a strictly limited area of allowed steps? Those limits are the same in all the programs; that is why there are no questions about the fairness of such situation. You can press a button; you can select a line or several lines in a list; you can do several other typical things, but you never go out of the standard actions which you do in any other program. You and everyone else know exactly what they are allowed to do. Other things are neither tried nor discussed. They simply do not exist. Now try to forget for a minute that for many years you were taught what you could do. Let us say that you know, how to use the mouse (press -move -release), but there are no restrictions on what you are allowed to do with a mouse. Switch off the rules of your behaviour "in programs" according to which all your work was going for years.Try the new set of rules:• You can press ANY object and move it to any new location.• You can press the border of any object and change its size in the same easy way; there are no limitations on such resizing (except some obvious and natural). • A lot of objects you can reconfigure in the same simple way by moving one side or another.It must be obviou...
Acousto-optical devices which are intended for information transmission and conversion, may process both binary and analog signals. The theory which had been developed earlier for transmission of binary signals, has been expanded to the processing of analog signals. The system of resolving power and frequency bandwidth criteria has been studied in details, proceeding from the need to transmit the necessary amount of gray scale levels with the necessary reliability. It has also been shown that the basic equation of acousto-optics in which number of resolvable spots is determined as time-bandwidth product, must be modified for the case of gray scale transmission. The experimental results illustrating the proposed approach to basic parameters of acousto-optical devices, have been described and discussed.
As other acousto-optic devices, acoustooptic tunable filters (AOTF) deal with information processing and transmission. However, in major cases, AOTF transmits information in a specific form -the data are containrd in output light spectrum or wavelength. The estimation of possible amount of information which can be processed and transmitted by AOTF, requires to define the resolving power of a device by wavelength. The wavelength resolving power criterion has been elaborated in the presented paper. It proceeds from the condition of the necessary probability of one bit of information recognition. Taking into consideration this criterion as well as the need to distinguish gray scales in a pattern of wavelengths, the information transmission capability of AOTF has been calculated. Along with that, it has been shown that such parameter as information capacity of AOTF represents a significant importance while analyzing the spectral composition of light transmiued through media to be studied. Some features of tellurium dioxide single crystals influencing the AOTF information possibilities, have been discussed.
Acousto-optic devices (AOD) which are intended for information transmission may be described by such parameter as information losses. This parameter determines the difference between information quantities in the input and output of the device. In order to estimate information losses in any AOD beforehand, it is necessary to find the sources of these losses in different links of the signal transmission and transformation in AOD. The comparison of AOD of different kinds have been performed from the point of view of information transmission possibilities. It has been found that the main sources of information losses are connected with the noise and limited information transmission possibilities of the devices. Proceeding from this conclusion, the basic ways to avoid the information losses in AOD have been listed.
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