The construction industry is famous for its poor performance. Despite multi-party contractual agreements acknowledged by the lean construction community as enablers of better communication and performance, design-bid-build (DBB) still dominates the construction industry in Germany, UK and other countries. This study describes designbid-build procurement and explores its negative effects on construction projects, environment and project participants through a review of existing literature. Understanding the influence of design-bid-build on construction environment should give practitioners an insight into the potential of using the Last Planner ® System and other lean tools. The direct and indirect effects of DBB on the construction environment are presented in the form of a tree diagram. It can be hypothesized that if the internal dispositions of project participants can be determined and the behavior of project participants can be positively influenced, for example, by lean management tools such as the Last Planner ® System 5 , the situational context in which project participants operate can be influenced too, meaning a shift to more positive, collaborative environment.
The design-bid-build (DBB) procurement method has negative effects on construction projects. To find out whether those effects found in the literature appear in the field and to find ways to overcome them, nine interviews with practitioners from the architecture, engineering and construction industry have been conducted.It was found that building a lean culture in the DBB projects and/or setting up a management system that acknowledges lean ideals can help to overcome the negative effects of DBB. Using compatibility assessments of teams and "add-ons" to the standard contracts such as FAC-1 (Framework Alliance Contract) or Construction Manager at Risk were also mentioned as ways to overcome the problems existing in DBB environment.It was found from the interviews that Last Planner System supports tackling the existing problems of DBB in number of ways. It enables building lean culture in the DBB projects through improving communication, visualization, transparency and collaboration, building trust, enhancing mood and relationships, as well as overcoming claim culture. It does help to minimize the negative effects of the DBB procurement method on construction projects.
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