This contribution is devoted to new records of a few known, and to descriptions of the following eight new, species from China: Sigipinius spiniger sp.n., Hirtodrepanum chinense sp.n., Tylopus kabaki sp.n. and T. similis sp.n., all four from Yunnan, Gonobelus belousovisp.n., Kronopolites davidiani sp.n. and Hedinomorpha martensi sp.n., all three from Sichuan, and H. affinis sp.n., from Gansu. Hirtodrepanum Golovatch, 1994, comb.n. ex Alogolykini, Alogolykinae in Sulciferini, Paradoxosomatinae, is new to the fauna of China. ÐÅÇÞÌÅ. Äàííîå ñîîáùåíèå ïîñâÿùåíî íàõîäêàì íåñêîëüêèõ èçâåñòíûõ, à òàêaeå îïèñàíèÿì ñëåäóþùèõ âîñüìè íîâûõ âèäîâ èç Êèòàÿ: Sigipinius spiniger sp.n., Hirtodrepanum chinense sp.n., Tylopus kabaki sp.n. è T. similis sp.n., âñå ÷åòûðå èç Þííàíè, Gonobelus belousovisp.n., Kronopolites davidiani sp.n. è Hedinomorpha martensi sp.n., âñå òðè èç Ñû÷óàíè, à òàêaeå H. affinis sp.n., èç Ãàíüñó. Hirtodrepanum Golovatch, 1994, comb.n. ex Alogolykini, Alogolykinae in Sulciferini, Paradoxosomatinae, íîâûé äëÿ ôàóíû Êèòàÿ ðîä.

Th e polydesmoid family Haplodesmidae Cook, 1895 is reviewed and shown to be a senior subjective synonym of the family Doratodesmidae Cook, 1896, syn. n. Th e Haplodesmidae therefore encompasses six genera and 30 recognizable species, all keyed here, including the following six new species: Eutrichodesmus basalis sp. n. and E. armatocaudatus sp. n. from Vietnam; E. communicans sp. n. from Vanuatu, Melanesia; and E. latus sp. n., E. similis sp. n. and E. incisus sp. n. from China. Th e following new synonymies are proposed:

The large genus Orthomorpha is rediagnosed and is shown to currently comprise 51 identifiable species ranging from northern Myanmar and Thailand in the Northwest to Lombok Island, Indonesia in the Southeast. Of them, 20 species have been revised and/or abundantly illustrated, based on a restudy of mostly type material; further 12 species are described as new: Orthomorpha atypica sp. n., Orthomorpha communis sp. n., Orthomorpha isarankurai sp. n., Orthomorpha picturata sp. n., Orthomorpha similanensis sp. n., Orthomorpha suberecta sp. n., Orthomorpha tuberculifera sp. n.,Orthomorpha subtuberculifera sp. n. and Orthomorpha latiterga sp. n., all from Thailand, as well as Orthomorpha elevata sp. n.,Orthomorpha spiniformis sp. n. and Orthomorpha subelevata sp. n., from northern Malaysia. The type-species Orthomorpha beaumontii (Le Guillou, 1841) is redescribed in due detail from male material as well, actually being a senior subjective synonym of Orthomorpha spinala (Attems, 1932), syn. n. Two additional new synonymies are proposed: Orthomorpha rotundicollis (Attems, 1937) = Orthomorpha tuberculata (Attems, 1937), syn. n., and Orthomorpha butteli Carl, 1922 = Orthomorpha consocius Chamberlin, 1945, syn. n., the valid names to the left. All species have been keyed and all new and some especially widespread species have been mapped. Further six species, including two revised from type material, are still to be considered dubious, mostly because their paraterga appear to be too narrow to represent Orthomorpha species. A new genus, Orthomorphoides gen. n., diagnosed versus Orthomorpha through only moderately well developed paraterga, coupled with a poorly bi- or trifid gonopod tip, with at least some of its apical prongs being short spines, is erected for two species: Orthomorpha setosus (Attems, 1937), the type-species, which is also revised from type material, and Orthomorpha exaratus (Attems, 1953), both comb. n. ex Orthomorpha.

An updated review of the diplopod fauna of the Crimea is given. At present the fauna comprises 14 species from 11 genera, seven families and six orders, including Eurygyrus ochraceus C.L. Koch, 1847, an apparent introduction, Trachysphaera costata (Waga, 1857) (= T. rotundata (Lignau, 1911), syn. n.), represented by an obvious troglophilic, bisexual, relict population, and Amblyiulus kovali sp. n., likely a troglobitic endemic. Not only these species, but also their respective genera and, in the two former cases, their families and orders are new to the Crimean list.

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This contribution is devoted to new records of several known, and to descriptions of the following 11 new, species from China: Tetracentrosternus hoffmani sp.n., Tylopus schawalleri sp.n., T. reductus sp.n., Kronopolites rugosus sp.n. and Antheromorpha rosea sp.n., all five from Yunnan, Inversispina trispina sp.n., from Sichuan, Hedinomorpha circofera sp.n., from Qinghai, as well as Anoplodesmus chinenis sp.n., Gonobelus martensi sp.n. and Sellanucheza jaegeri sp.n., all three from Shaanxi Province. In addition, a new genus, Sinomorpha gen.n. (Orthomorphini), is established for S. setosa sp.n., from Sichuan. Keys to all four Tylopus species reported from China, as well as to all four currently known species of Sellanucheza are given, the latter genus being relocated to the tribe Sulciferini, comb.n. The species Hedinomorpha jeekeli (Golovatch, 2009), from Shaanxi, is also relocated as a comb.n. ex Streptogonopus. ÐÅÇÞÌÅ. Äàííîå ñîîáùåíèå ïîñâÿùåíî íàõîäêàì ðÿäà èçâåñòíûõ, à òàêaeå îïèñàíèÿì ñëåäóþùèõ 11 íîâûõ âèäîâ èç Êèòàÿ: Tetracentrosternus hoffmani sp.n., Tylopus schawalleri sp.n., T. reductus sp.n., Kronopolites rugosus sp.n. è Antheromorpha rosea sp.n., âñå ïÿòü èç ïðîâèíöèè Þííàíü, Inversispina trispina sp.n. èç ïðîâèíöèè Ñû÷óàíü, Hedinomorpha circofera sp.n. èç ïðîâèíöèè Öèíõàé, à òàêaeå Anoplodesmus chinenis sp.n., Gonobelus martensi sp.n. è Sellanucheza jaegeri sp.n., âñå òðè èç ïðîâèíöèè Øààíñè. Êðîìå òîãî, óñòàíîâëåí íîâûé ðîä, Sinomorpha gen.n. (Orthomorphini), äëÿ S. setosa sp.n. èç Ñû÷óàíè. Äàíû êëþ÷è äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ âñåõ ÷åòûðåõ âèäîâ ðîäà Tylopus, óêàçàííûõ äëÿ Êèòàÿ, à òàêaeå âñåõ ÷åòûðåõ ïîêà èçâåñòíûõ âèäîâ ðîäà Sellanucheza, ïðèòîì ýòîò ïîñëåäíèé ðîä ïå-ðåíåñåí â ñîñòàâ òðèáû Sulciferini, comb.n. Âèä Hedinomorpha jeekeli (Golovatch, 2009) èç Øààíñè òîaeå ïåðåìåùåí â êà÷åñòâå comb.n. ex Streptogonopus.

Animal life in caves has fascinated researchers and the public alike because of the unusual and sometimes bizarre morphological adaptations observed in numerous troglobitic species. Despite their worldwide diversity, the adaptations of cave millipedes (Diplopoda) to a troglobitic lifestyle have rarely been examined. In this study, morphological characters were analyzed in species belonging to four different orders (Glomerida, Polydesmida, Chordeumatida, and Spirostreptida) and six different families (Glomeridae, Paradoxosomatidae, Polydesmidae, Haplodesmidae, Megalotylidae, and Cambalopsidae) that represent the taxonomic diversity of class Diplopoda. We focused on the recently discovered millipede fauna of caves in southern China. Thirty different characters were used to compare cave troglobites and epigean species within the same genera. A character matrix was created to analyze convergent evolution of cave adaptations. Males and females were analyzed independently to examine sex differences in cave adaptations. While 10 characters only occurred in a few phylogenetic groups, 20 characters were scored for in all families. Of these, four characters were discovered to have evolved convergently in all troglobitic millipedes. The characters that represented potential morphological cave adaptations in troglobitic species were: (1) a longer body; (2) a lighter body color; (3) elongation of the femora; and (4) elongation of the tarsi of walking legs. Surprisingly, female, but not male, antennae were more elongated in troglobites than in epigean species. Our study clearly shows that morphological adaptations have evolved convergently in different, unrelated millipede orders and families, most likely as a direct adaptation to cave life.

The family Polydesmidae is represented in the Caucasus by two genera and 11 species: Polydesmus abchasius Attems, 1898, P. lignaui Lohmander, 1936, P. muralewiczi Lohmander, 1936 and P. mediterraneus Daday, 1889 (all confined to the NW and W Caucasus, but of which only the former three are endemic to the region, whereas the latter species is an introduction), as well as Brachydesmus assimilis Lohmander, 1936 (endemic to most of the region, except Hyrcania), B. pigmentatus Attems, 1951 (= B. pereliae Golovatch, 1976, syn. n.) (subendemic to Hyrcania), B. superus Latzel, 1884 (a cosmopolitan introduction), B. furcatus Lohmander, 1936 (= B. furcatus exiguus Strasser, 1970, syn. n.) (endemic to the NW Caucasus), B. kalischewskyi Lignau, 1915 (= B. karawajewi Lohmander, 1928, = B. ferrugineus Lohmander, 1936, = B. talyschanus Lohmander, 1936, = B. bidentatus Golovatch, 1976, all syn. n.) (a highly polymorphous and widespread species, apparently in a stage of active speciation, subendemic to the entire region), B. kvavadzei sp. n., from Ajaria, Georgia, and B. simplex sp. n., from Abkhazia and Sochi, Krasnodar Province, Russia. All known Caucasian species of Polydesmidae are described in due detail, abundantly illustrated and keyed, and their distributions mapped.