To determine the incidence of central nervous system leukemia (CNSL) in adults with acute leukemia (AL) we studied 299 patients admitted from 1966 to 1971, and reviewed 170 autopsies from that group. CNSL was diagnosed clinically in 38 of 299 (13%) patients, with a higher incidence in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) and a lower incidence in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and acute blastic crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML‐ABC). Autopsy evidence of CNSL was found in 43 of 170 (25%) evaluable autopsies with a higher incidence in ALL, AUL, and CML‐ABC, and a lower incidence in AML. The incidence of CNSL is related to morphological type, age, sex, survival, and responsiveness to chemotherapy. Arachnoidal infiltration was associated with a higher incidence of other pathologic manifestations of CNSL and extramedullary leukemic infiltrations. CNSL is common enough in adult AL to warrant aggressive diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophylactic measures.
Gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GBA) postresection 5-year survival rates are less than 5%, but when histologically confined to the mucosa or submucosa, survival rates of 64% (5 years) and 44% (10 years) have been reported. Whether any other histologic features of GBA have prognostic significance is unknown. This investigation was conducted to determine if GBA histologic grade correlates with survival. Thirty patients with advanced stage GBA participating in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) treatment protocol EST-2273 served as the study material. Using glandular tumor grade criteria recommended by others, a panel of 7 ECOG pathologists categorized the GBA as either predominantly low or high histologic grade. Each patient's GBA histologic section measured no less than 1.0 X 1.0 cm. Predominant grade was defined as being that grade present in greater than 75% of the histologic section. Patient survival times by grade were calculated from date of initiation of chemotherapy until date of death. The 13-week low grade GBA patient survival was significantly longer than the 7-week high grade GBA patient survival (p less than 0.01). Stratification of patients by either high or low predominant histologic grade is recommended in future GBA treatment studies.
Carcinoids are histologically classified as insular (A), trabecular (B) glandular (C), undifferentiated (D) or mixed. These have prognostic significance, i.e. Group 1 (most favorable, A + C); 2 (favorable, A, B, A + B); 3 (relatively unfavorable, all non A + C or A + B mixed types); and 4 (unfavorable, C, D). Midgut primaries have a better prognosis than either foregut or hindgut/cloacal primaries. Carcinoids from 114 Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group patients were studied to determine if primary site prognostic differences result from histologic prognostic group occurrence rate differences across primary sites. By primary site the following rates were observed: Foregut: 1 (0%), 2 (79.2%), 3 (12.5%), 4 (8.3%); midgut: 1 (26.7%), 2 (58.7%), 3 (6.6%), 4 (8.0%); hindgut/cloaca: 1 (0%), 2 (42.9%), 3 (42.9%), 4 (14.2%); nongut: 1 (0%), 2 (75.0%), 3 (12.5%), 4 (12.5%), p less than 0.01. The results demonstrate that primary site prognostic differences are highly dependent upon histologic prognostic group occurrence rate variations across primary sites. In addition multivariate analysis of survivorship by both histologic type (p less than 0.05) and primary site (p less than 0.05) demonstrated that each variable has independent prognostic significance.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.