The aim of the study was to identify quails which have different body weight for some production traits such as egg production, egg characteristics, daily feed consumption and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The selection was based on body weight in Japanese quail over two generations using 150 quails (120 female and 30 male). These groups consisted of Low Body Weight (LBW), High Body Weight (HBW) and control. Average body weights for females at the end of five weeks were 182.3±0.5, 159.5±0.34, and 141.7±0.55 for LBW, HBW and control groups respectively. There were significant differences between females and males in body weight across the generations. Significant differences were observed for total egg production and egg width for Group X Generation's interactions. Also, statistically significant differences were found for egg quality parameters such as yolk index, yolk height, yolk diameter, albumin length, and albumin width among generations. As a result, body weight is a very important factor in selection studies and it also increases the efficiency of the selection program with other selection features.
-This study compared the growth curve models for the live weight and body length of Japanese quail raised under lights of various colors. The Brody, Gompertz, and von Bertalanffy growth models were used to investigate the effect of different colored lights on Japanese quail growth over a period of six weeks (1-42 days). Four lights of different colors, comprising yellow, red, blue, and white, were used in the study. According to the different light colors, the mean and standard error for the live weight and body length on day 42 were calculated as 196.09 and 3.87 g and 29.48 and 0.192 cm, respectively. Furthermore, while the differences in live weight according to the color of the light being used were statistically significant on days 14, 21, and 28, there were significant differences in body length on days 7, 28, 35, and 42, depending on the color of the light used. The highest values of R 2 for body length and live weight were 0.9935 and 0.9988; the lowest sum of square error values for body length and live weight were 9.6588 and 10.6623 according to the Gompertz model. Test results did not reveal autocorrelation among serial data except for those grown under red colored lights.
In this study, to analyze the mtDNA D-loop region and the origin of the maternal lineages of 16 different donkey populations, and to assess the domestication of Turkish indigenous donkeys in seven geographical regions, we investigated the DNA sequences of the D-loop region of 315 indigenous donkeys from Turkey. A total of 54 haplotypes, resulting from 35 polymorphic regions (27 parsimoniously informative and 6 singleton sites), were defined. Twenty-eight of these haplotypes are unique (51.85%), and 26 are shared among different Turkish indigenous donkey populations. The most frequent haplotype was Hap 1 (45.71%), followed by two haplotypes (Hap 4, 15.55% and Hap 7, 5.39%). The breed genetic diversity, evaluated by the haplotype diversity (HD) and nucleotide diversity (πD), for the Turkish donkey populations ranged from 0.533 ± 0.180 (Tekirdağ–Malkara, MAL) to 0.933 ± 0.122 (Aydin, AYD), and from 0.01196 ± 0.0026 (Antalya, ANT) to 0.02101 ± 0.0041 (Aydin, AYD), respectively. We observed moderate-to-high levels of haplotype diversity and moderate nucleotide diversity, indicating plentiful genetic diversity in all of the Turkish indigenous donkey populations. Phylogenetic analysis (NJT) and median-joining network analysis established that all haplotypes were distinctly grouped into two major haplogroups. The results of AMOVA analyses, based on geographic structuring of Turkish native donkey populations, highlighted that the majority of the observed variance is due to differences among samples within populations. The observed differences between groups were found to be statistically significant. Comparison among Turkish indigenous donkey mtDNA D-loop regions and haplotypes, and different countries’ donkey breeds and wild asses, identified two clades and which is named Somali (Clade IV) and Nubian (Clade V) lineages. The results can be used to understand the origin of Turkish donkey populations clearly, and to resolve the phylogenetic relationship among all of the different regions.
This study presents the first insights to the genetic diversity and structure of the Turkish donkey populations. The primary objectives were to detect the main structural features of Turkish donkeys by microsatellite markers. A panel of 17 microsatellite markers was applied for genotyping 314 donkeys from 16 locations of Turkey. One hundred and forty-two alleles were identified and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 12. The highest number of alleles was observed in AHT05 (12) and the lowest in ASB02 and HTG06 (4), while ASB17 was monomorphic. The mean HO in the Turkish donkey was estimated to be 0.677, while mean HE was 0.675. The polymorphic information content (PIC) was calculated for each locus and ranged from 0.36 (locus ASB02) to 0.98 (locus AHT05), which has the highest number of alleles per locus in the present study. The average PIC in our populations was 0.696. The average coefficient of gene differentiation (GST) over the 17 loci was 0.020 ± 0.037 (p < 0.01). The GST values for single loci ranged from −0.004 for LEX54 to 0.162 for COR082. Nei’s gene diversity index (Ht) for loci ranged from 0.445 (ASB02) to 0.890 (AHT05), with an average of 0.696. A Bayesian clustering method, the Structure software, was used for clustering algorithms of multi-locus genotypes to identify the population structure and the pattern of admixture within the populations. When the number of ancestral populations varied from K = 1 to 20, the largest change in the log of the likelihood function (ΔK) was when K = 2. The results for K = 2 indicate a clear separation between Clade I (KIR, CAT, KAR, MAR, SAN) and Clade II (MAL, MER, TOK, KAS, KUT, KON, ISP, ANT, MUG, AYD and KAH) populations.
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