Background Pharmacists are known as health care professionals who are responsible for the safety and efficacy of medicine to achieve optimal therapeutic results. Community pharmacists have an opportunity to provide direct services including giving an active medication information service in women during pregnancy and breastfeeding. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with the practice of community pharmacists for actively giving the drug information service for women with chronic diseases during pregnancy and breastfeeding based on the Health Belief Model. Methods About 300 community pharmacists were randomly chosen to participate in the study. All participants were asked to complete questionnaires that were designed based on the theory of the Health Belief Models. The questionnaires measured the community pharmacists’ knowledge, beliefs, cues to action, and practice for actively giving medication information services. Results About 267 pharmacists in the community agreed to participate in this study. Nearly 80% of the participants were female pharmacists (n = 213). The results show that pharmacists’ knowledge had significant influences towards perceived threat (p = 0.009), perceived benefit (p = 0.011), and pharmacists’ self-efficacy (p < 0.001). The self-efficacy factor was the most influential factor in the practice of pharmacists to give medication information service actively (p < 0.001). Conclusions The findings of the study indicate that self-efficacy is the most important factor for pharmacist to be able to provide the medication information services successfully particularly in women during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Providing continuous learning programs through seminars and training related to medication use during pregnancy and breastfeeding to pharmacists is needed to optimise the confidence and the ability of pharmacists in providing the services.
The use of medication during pregnancy and breastfeeding cannot be avoided, particularly for those with chronic diseases. The use of medication for these patients require special attention, especially by pharmacists as they have the responsibility to provide medications and appropriate services to achieve optimal therapeutic goals. The drug information service actively provided by pharmacists is a display of their commitment in preventing drug therapy problems and improving the quality of life of pregnant and breastfeeding women. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between pharmacists' beliefs based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) approach and the practice of active drug information service for pregnant and breastfeeding women with chronic diseases. This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional design and used a self-administered questionnaire. 62 pharmacists in Primary Healthcare Centers in Surabaya agreed to participate in this study. The Spearman correlation analysis was used and showed that perceived self-efficacy had the strongest relationship (rs = 0.357) with the practice of providing active drug information. Thus, it can be concluded that perceived self-efficacy is a factor that is directly related to the practice of providing active drug information.Keywords: Active Drug Information Services, Health Belief Model, Pharmacists
Diabetes mellitus tipe 2 merupakan penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia akibat dari penurunan sekresi hormon insulin oleh sel beta yang berada didalam pankreas dan akibat gangguan fungsi insulin. Salah satu faktor risiko penyebab diabetes melitus tipe 2 adalah stres. Stres merupakan suatu respon fisik dan psikologis terhadap tekanan atau stresor dan menjadi faktor risiko yang dapat mempengaruhi kondisi kesehatan seseorang. Penatalaksanaan farmakologis dapat diberikan suntikan insulin atau bahkan kombinasi suntikan insulin dan tablet. Penatalaksanaan non famakologis yang dapat dilakukan yaitu melalui progressive muscle relaxation (PMR). PMR merupakan suatu metode relaksasi yang paling sederhana dan mudah dipelajari dengan menegangkan dan merilekskan otot-otot tubuh. Tujuan studi kasus ini adalah untuk menggambarkan tindakan pemberian PMR terhadap stres dan penurunan gula darah pada pasien diabetes mellitus 2. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien DM tipe 2. Responden yang digunakan sejumlah 2 orang pasien DM tipe 2. Intervensi PMR dilakukan selama 3 hari dengan durasi 20 – 30 menit pada pagi dan sore hari. Pengukuran kadar gula darah dan stres dilakukan sebelum dan setelah tindakan PMR. Simpulan PMR dapat menurukan kadar gula darah dan tingkat stres pasien DM Tipe 2.
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